现在完成时语法讲解

语法：现在完成时语法：现在完成时1. 1.现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成2. 2.一般疑问句及否定句结构一般疑问句及否定句结构3. 3.现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法4. 4.时间状语时间状语1. 1.现在完成时的构成：现在完成时的构成：结构：主语结构：主语+have/has+have/has+过去分词过去分词 助动词：助动词：have/has have/has （已经（已经. .） 过去分词：过去分词： 1. 1.规则动词：规则动词： 过去分词和过去时一样过去分词和过去时一样 2. 2.不规则动词：不规则动词：过去分词需要记忆过去分词需要记忆练习一：练习一： 过去分词过去分词talk improvetalk improvelike brushlike brushstudy pickstudy pickstop walkstop walkclimb listenclimb listenplay visitplay visitprepare danceprepare danceopen turnopen turndo get go leavedo get go leavecut learn drawcut learn drawbuy think drivebuy think drivefind lose readfind lose readput make haveput make haveride bring sendride bring sendswim win holdswim win holdfly eat feelfly eat feel2. 2.一般疑问句及否定句的变化：一般疑问句及否定句的变化：结构：主语结构：主语+have/has+have/has+过去分词过去分词 1)1)一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Have/Has +Have/Has +主语主语+ +过去分词？过去分词？ 肯定回答：肯定回答：Yes,Yes,主语主语 have/has.have/has. 否定回答：否定回答：No,No,主语主语have/has not.have/has not. have not =havent has not= hasnt have not =havent has not= hasnt2)2)否定句结构：否定句结构： 主语主语+have/has not+have/has not+过去分词过去分词练习二：练习二： 变疑问变疑问, , 变否定变否定1.I have learned English for 3 years.1.I have learned English for 3 years.2.They have left.2.They have left.3.Alice has finished doing her homework.3.Alice has finished doing her homework.4.Tom and Jack have had dinner together.4.Tom and Jack have had dinner together.5.Sam has won the basketball game.5.Sam has won the basketball game.6.My brother has seen the movie.6.My brother has seen the movie.B. B.表示从过去一直延续到现在表示从过去一直延续到现在3. 3.现在完成时的用法：现在完成时的用法：pastpastpresent(now)present(now)A.A.过去某一动作对现在的影响过去某一动作对现在的影响I have brushed my teeth.I have brushed my teeth.I have not read the book.I have not read the book.I have lost my key.I have lost my key.Someone has broken the window.Someone has broken the window.I have played the guitar for 15 minutes.I have played the guitar for 15 minutes.She has run for 2 hours.She has run for 2 hours.we have learned to write in English since we have learned to write in English since 3 oclock.3 oclock.Have you stay in Beijing since I met you?Have you stay in Beijing since I met you?4. 4.时间状语：时间状语： 多用于句末：多用于句末： since+since+时间点时间点 ： since 3since 3：00pm 00pm since+ since+句子：句子： since you left / since she came since you left / since she came （ since+since+过去时过去时) ) for+ for+时间段：时间段： for 3 years for 3 years 、for 25 hoursfor 25 hoursbefore before 以前以前 in the past 2 days in recent yearsin the past 2 days in recent years近几年近几年recentlyrecently最近最近 lately lately最近最近 so far /by now so far /by now 目前目前 once(once(次数次数) )yetyet还没（用于否定句疑问句）还没（用于否定句疑问句）-多用于句中：多用于句中： Already Already 已经（用于肯定句）已经（用于肯定句） just just 刚刚刚刚 ever ever 曾经曾经 nevernever从不从不练习三：练习三： since for since for 填空填空1.Jill has been in 1.Jill has been in America_ Monday.America_ Monday.2.Jill has been in America_three days.2.Jill has been in America_three days.3.My aunt has lived in Australia_ 15 days.3.My aunt has lived in Australia_ 15 days.4.Margaret is in her office.4.Margaret is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock. She has been there _ 7 oclock.5.India has been an indendent country_ 1974.5.India has been an indendent country_ 1974.sincesinceforforforforsincesincesincesince练习三：练习三： since for since for 填空填空6.The bus is late.Weve waited_ 20 minutes.6.The bus is late.Weve waited_ 20 minutes.7.Nobody lives in those houses.They have been 7.Nobody lives in those houses.They have been empty_ many yeasrs.empty_ many yeasrs.8.Mike has been ill_ a long time.8.Mike has been ill_ a long time.9.He has been in hospital_October.9.He has been in hospital_October.forforforforforforsincesince练习四：练习四： 造句练习造句练习1.Alice 1.Alice 已经学习英语已经学习英语 长达三年了。长达三年了。2.Tom2.Tom曾经在北京学习过。曾经在北京学习过。3. 3.我还没有读过一本叫做老人与海的书我还没有读过一本叫做老人与海的书4. 4.从他离开上海时，他已经是老师了。从他离开上海时，他已经是老师了。5. 5.我的姐姐之前从来没有拜访过上海。我的姐姐之前从来没有拜访过上海。Alice has learnt English for 3 years.Alice has learnt English for 3 years.Tom has ever studied in Beijing.Tom has ever studied in Beijing.I have not read a book called Old Man and the Sea yet.I have not read a book called Old Man and the Sea yet.He has been a teacher since he left Shanghai.He has been a teacher since he left Shanghai.My sister has never visited Shanghai before.My sister has never visited Shanghai before.一般过去时和现在完成时的差别一般过去时和现在完成时的差别一般过去时强调的是过去的动作，动作已经一般过去时强调的是过去的动作，动作已经结束，结束，和现在没有关系。和现在没有关系。现在完成时强调的现在完成时强调的是现在的状态，或过去的是现在的状态，或过去的动作对现在的影响。动作对现在的影响。动作可能还未结束。动作可能还未结束。现在完成时中需注意的地方：现在完成时中需注意的地方：注意注意1 1：句子中有明显的过去时间标志时，不句子中有明显的过去时间标志时，不能用现在完成时能用现在完成时错误：错误： she has read the book she has read the book last nightlast night. .正确：正确： she read the book she read the book last nightlast night. .注意注意2 2：非持续性动词的完成时的肯定式不能与非持续性动词的完成时的肯定式不能与时间段连用，若要用时间段状语，则应换成相时间段连用，若要用时间段状语，则应换成相应的持续性动词或状态动词。应的持续性动词或状态动词。 例如：例如：He has left. He has left. He has He has been awaybeen away for an hour.for an hour. 现在完成时中短暂动词和延续性动词的转化：现在完成时中短暂动词和延续性动词的转化： come/arrive/get/reach/move - be in/at come/arrive/get/reach/move - be in/at leave-be away borrow-keep/haveleave-be away borrow-keep/havestart/begin-be on join/take part in-be instart/begin-be on join/take part in-be indie-be dead fall asleep-be asleep die-be dead fall asleep-be asleep close-be closed put on -wear close-be closed put on -wear Open(v)Open(v)-be -be open(adj) open(adj) become-be become-be have been to have been to 与与 have gone tohave gone tohave been tohave been to表示曾经去过某地，现在人已经回来。表示曾经去过某地，现在人已经回来。Lily has been to Shanghai twice.(LilyLily has been to Shanghai twice.(Lily现在在家现在在家) )have gone tohave gone to表示去了某地，人还在某地没有回来。表示去了某地，人还在某地没有回来。Lily has gone to Shanghai.(LilyLily has gone to Shanghai.(Lily现在人在上海。现在人在上海。) )一、一、 单项选择。单项选择。1 1、Both his parents look sad . Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _what happened to him .Maybe they _what happened to him . knew . knew . have known . have known . must know . must know .will know.will know2 2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already . already .never .never .ever .ever . . S Stilltill3 3、Have you met Mr Li _Have you met Mr Li _？. just . just . ago . ago .before .before . a moment ago. a moment ago4 4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years .years . is writing . is writing .was writing .was writing .wrote .wrote .has written.has written5 5、Our country _ a lot so far .Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . has changed ; well . changed ; good. changed ; good. has changed ; better . has changed ; better . changed ; better. changed ; better6 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years .years . was ; studying . was ; studying . will ; study. will ; study. has ; studied . has ; studied . are ; studying. are ; studying 7 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . know . had known . had known . have known . have known . . K Knewnew8 8、Harry Potter Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice .is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see . will see . have seen . have seen . saw . saw .see.see9 9、These farmers have been to the United States .These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _ there ? Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . will they go . did they go. did they go. do they go . do they go . have they gone. have they gone1010、_ you _ your homework yet ?_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish. will ; do ; finish1111、 His father _ the His father _ the club club since 1978 .since 1978 . joined . joined . has joined . has joined . was in . was in . has been in. has been in1212、Do you know him well ?Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . were . have been . have been . have become . have become . have made. have made1313、How long have you _ here ?How long have you _ here ?About two months .About two months . been . been . gone . gone . come . come . arrived. arrived1414、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes .Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . has begun . had begun. had begun. has been on . has been on . began. began1515、 It _ ten years since he left the army . It _ ten years since he left the army . is . is . has . has . will . will . was. was1616、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library . Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .has gone .has gone . went . went .will go .will go . has been. has beenIt is 10 years since.It is 10 years since.=it has been 10 years since. =it has been 10 years since. 从某事发生到现在已经有从某事发生到现在已经有. .久了。久了。 1. 1.I_I_ _（looklook） for you since this morning. for you since this morning. Where _you_ Where _you_(be)(be)? ? Where _you_ Where _you_(go)(go)? ? 2. 2.Where is John?Where is John? -He _(go) to the library. -He _(go) to the library.have lookedhave lookedhave beenhave beendid godid gohas gonehas gone