精制食油厂改扩建项目可行性研究报告

garden is larger than Joes. Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joes garden is more interesting. He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool. I like gardens too, but I do not like hard work. Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!Lesson 9 A cold welcome 冷遇On Wednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall. It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock. It would strike twelve in twenty minutes time. Fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped. The big minute hand did not move. We waited and waited, but nothing happened. Suddenly someone shouted, Its two minutes past twelve! The clock has stopped! I looked at my watch. It was true. The big clock refused to welcome the New Year. At that moment everybody began to laugh and sing.Lesson 10 Not for jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord(翼琴). It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living-room. It has belong to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another 礼尚往来I was having dinner at a restaurant when Harry Steele came in. Harry worked in a lawyers office years ago, but he is now working at a bank. He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back. Harry saw me and came and sat at the same table. He has never borrowed money from me. While he was eating, I asked him to lend me &2. To my surprise, he gave me the money immediately. I have never borrowed any money from you, Harry said, so now you can pay for my dinner!Lesson 12 Goodbye and good luck 再见，一路顺风Our ncighbour, Captain Charles Alison, will sail from Portsmouth tomorrow. We shall meet him at the harbour early in the morning. He will be in his small boat, Topsail.Tapsail is a famous little boat. It has sailed across the Atlantic many times. Captain Alison will set out at eight oclock so we shall have plenty of time. We shall see his boat and then we shall say good-bye to him. He will be away for two months. We are very proud of him. He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic.Lesson 13 The Greenwood Boys 绿林少年The Greenwood Boys are a group of popular singers. At present, they are visiting all parts of the country. They will be arriving here tomorrow. They will be coming by train and most of the youngpeople in the town will be meeting them at the station. Tomorrow evening they will be singing at the Workers Club. The Greenwood Boys will be staying for five days. During this time, they will give five performances. As usual, the police will have a difficult time. They will be trying to keep order. It is always the same on these occasions.Lesson 14 Do you speak English? 你会讲英语吗？I had an amusing experience last year. After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town. On the way, a young man waved to me. I stopped and he asked me for a lift. As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language. Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all. Neither of us spoke during the journey. I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, Do you speak English? As I soon learnt, he was English himself!Lesson 15 Good news 佳音 The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me. I felt very nervous when. I went into his office. He did not look up from his desk when I entered. After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad. He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. Twenty people had already left. I knew that my turn had come. Mr. Harmsworth, I said in a weak voice. Dont interrupt, he Said. Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra &100 a year!Lesson 16 A polite request 彬彬有礼的要求If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it. You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. However, this does not always happen. Traffic police are sometimes very polite. During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car: Sir, we welcome you to our city. This is a No Parking area. You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs. This note is only a reminder. If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it!Lesson 17 Always young 青年常驻My aunt Jennifer is an actress. She must be at least thirty-five years old. In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl. Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. This time, she will be a girl of seventeen. In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress. If anyone ever asked her how old she is, she always answers, My dear, it must be terrible to be grown up!lesson18 He often does this! 他经常干这种事！After I had had lunch at a village inn, I looked for my bag. I had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasnt there ! As I was looking for it, the inn-keeper came in. Did you have a good meal ? he asked. Yes, thank you, I answered, but I cant pay the bill. I havent got my bag. The inn-keeper smiled and immediately went out. In a few minutes he returned with my bag and gave it back to me. Im very sorry, he said My dog had taken it into the garden. He often does this.Lesson19 Sold out 票已售完The play may begin at any moment, I said. It may have begun already, Susan answered.I hurried to the ticket-office. May I have two tickets please ? I asked.Im sorry, weve sold out, the girl said.What a pity! Susan exclaimed.Just then, a man hurried to the ticket-office.Can I return these two tickets? he asked.Certainly, the girl said.Could I have those two tickets please ? I asked.Certainly, the girl said, but they are for next Wednesdays performance.I might as well have them, I said sadly.Lesson20 One man in a boat 独坐孤舟Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything-not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. You must give up fishing! my friends say. Its a waste of time. But they dont realize one important thing. Im not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all !Lesson21 Mad or not? 是不是疯了？Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. The airport was built during the war, but for some reason it could not be used then. Last year, however, it came into use. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here. Everybody says I must be mad and they are probably right.Lesson22 A glass envelope 玻璃信封My daughter, Jane, never dreamed of receiving a letter from a girl of her own age in Holland. Last year, we were travelling across the Channel and Jane put a piece of paper with her name and address on it into a bottle. She threw the bottle into the sea. She never thought of it again, but ten months later, she received a letter from a girl in Holland. Both girls write to each other regularly now. However, they have decided to use the post-office. Letters will cost a litt1e more, but they will certainly travel faster. Lesson23 A new house 新居I had a letter from my sister yesterday. She lives in Nigeria. In her letter, she said that she would come to England next year. If she comes, she will get a surprise. We are now living in a beautiful new house in the country. Work on it had begun before my sister left. The house was completed five months ago. In my letter, I told her that she could stay with us. The house has many large rooms and there is a lovely garden. It is a very modern house, so it looks strange to some people. It must be the only modern house in the district.Lesson24 It could be worse 不幸中之万幸I entered the hotel managers office and sat down. I had just lost &50 and I felt very upset. I left the money in my room, I said, and its not there now. The manager was sympathetic, but he could do nothing. Everyones losing money these days, he said. He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door. A girl came in and put an envelope on his desk. It contained &5o. I found this outside this gentlemans room she said. Well, I said to the manager, there is still some honesty in this world !lesson25 Do the English speak English? 英国人讲的是英语吗？I arrived in London at last. The railway station was big, black and dark. I did not know the way to my hotel, so I asked a porter. I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well. The porter, however, could not understand me; I repeated my question several times and at last he understood. He answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly. I am a foreigner, I said. Then he spoke slowly, but I could not understand him. My teacher never spoke English like that! The porter and I looked at each other and smiled. Then he said something and I understood it. Youll soon learn English! he said. I wonder. In England, each man speaks a different language. The English understand each other, but I dont understand them ! Do they speak English ?lesson26 The best art critics 最佳美术评论家I am an art student and I paint a lot of pictures. Many people pretend that they understand modern art. They always tell you what a picture is about. Of course, many pictures arc not about anything. They are just pretty patterns. We like them in the same way that we like pretty curtain material. I think that young children often appreciate modern pictures better than anyone else. They notice more. My sister is only seven, but she always tells me whether my pictures are good or not. She came into my room yesterday. What are you doing ? she asked. Im hanging this picture on the wall, I answered. Its a new one. Do you like it ? She looked at it critically for a moment. Its all right, she said, but isnt it upside-down ? I looked at it again. She was right! It was!Lesson27 A wet night 雨夜Late in the afternoon, the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field. As soon as this was done, they cooked a meal over an open fire. They were all hungry and the food smelt good. After a wonderful meal, they told stories and sang songs by the camp fire. But some time later it began to rain. The boys felt tired so they pet out the fire and crept into their tent. Their sleeping-bags were warm and comfortable, so they all slept soundly. In the middle of the night, two boys woke up and began shouting. The tent was full of water! They all leapt out of their sleeping-bags and hurried outside. It was raining heavily and they found that a stream had formed in the field. The stream wound its way across the field and then flowed right under their tent!Lesson28 No parking 禁止停车Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with motorists. when he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate. Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once. Jasper has put up No Parking signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon. Jasper hopes that she will turn motorists to stone. But none of them has been turned to stone yet!Lesson29 Taxi! 出租汽车！Captain Ben Fawcett has bought an unusual taxi and has begun a new service. The taxi is a small Swiss aeroplane called a Pilatus Porter. This wonderful plane can carry seven passengers. The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere: on snow, water, or even on a ploughed field. Captain Fawcetts first passenger was a doctor who flew from Birmingham to a lonely village in the Welsh mountains. Since then, Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual places. Once he landed on the roof of a block of flats and on another occasion, he landed in a deserted car park. Captain Fawcett has just refused a strange request from a businessman. The man wanted to fly to Rockall, a lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean, but Captain Fawcett did not take him because the trip was too dangerous.Lesson30 Football or polo? 足球还是水球？The Wayle is a small river that cuts across the park near my home. I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons. It was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bank as usual. Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it went towards a passing boat. Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat, but he did not hear them. The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water. I turned to look at the children, but there werent any in sight: they had all run away! The man laughed when he realized what had happened. He called out to the children and threw the ball back to the bank. Lesson31 Success story 成功者的故事Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man. Frank is now the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to项目制作：上饶市中小企业局江西省XX县精制食油厂年产万吨精制山茶油扩建项目可行性研究报告二00三年三月目 录第一章 总论1.1 项目名称及承办单位1.2 可行性研究工作概况1.3 结论及建议第二章 建设依据与建设规模2.1 资源保证情况2.2 市场前景与需求分析2.3 建设规模 第三章 厂址选择与建设条件3.1 选择依据3.2 厂址位置3.3 建设条件第四章 产品方案与建设条件4.1 产品方案与建设条件4.2 设备选择及土建工程4.3 总平面布置4.4 工艺技术方案第五章 环境保护及其它5.1 环境保护5.2 劳动保护5.3 工业卫生5.4 节 能第六章 组织机构与定员6.1 管理模式6.2 组织机构6.3 定 员6.4 人员培训第七章 项目实施进度第八章 投资估算与资金筹8.1 投资估算8.2 资金筹措第九章 经济效益评价9.1 基本数据9.2 财务评价第十章 社会效益分析第一章 总论1.1 项目名称及承办单位1.1.1 项目名称江西XX县精制食油厂年产1万吨精制山茶油扩建项目1.1.2 项目负责人项目总负责人：xx技术负责人： xxx经济负责人： xx1.1.3 项目承办单位项目由江西XX县精制食油厂负责承办。江西XX县精制油厂位于江西上饶市XX县城西工业区“全国乡镇企业东西合作示范区”内，企业法人代表李碧霞。企业于1994年筹建，1995年建成投产，占地面积7000平方米，建筑面积500平方米，绿化面积3000平方米，生产生活设施齐全配套，拥有固定资产413万元，流动资产90万元，年生产能力（精制山茶油）1000吨，在XX县农村建有山茶油原料基地41万亩。企业现有职工38人，其中具有中级以上职称的技术和管理人员14人，并聘请同济大学现代农业科学与工程研究院博士生导师徐立鸿教授等为顾问、整体素质较高。企业主要生产“得尔乐”牌精制食用山茶油，采用LY5型油脂精炼配套设备，经过对无污染、天然茶籽榨出毛油脱酸、脱胶、脱色、脱臭工艺，生产出精制油质量达到GB/T177571999高级烹调油通用标准和GB271685卫生标准，不含黄曲霉素，胆固醇、防腐剂，油性平、色泽好、无异味、无油烟，已申报绿色食品，畅销江、浙、闽、沪、赣等省市，并有部分出口海外。年生产销售3700吨，实现产值逾亿元。1.2 可行性研究工作概况1.2.1 可行性研究工作负责人总 负 责 人： xxx市场预测负责人： xx工程技术负责人： xxx经济评价负责人： xx1.2.2 研究工作指导思想、原则坚持以经济效益为中心，社会效益和环境效益为重点指导思想，以技术先进、经济可行为原则，立足XX、面向全国、着眼未来、造福社会，促进农民受益、企业增效、国家增收，把XX县精制食油厂建成全省乃至全国闻名的现代食品工业企业。1.2.3 研究工作依据、范围研究工作主要依据为：（1）国家和省、市、县关于加快发展以食品工业为龙头的农副产品深加工的政策；（2）国家有关促进农民增收，实现农业产业化政策和全国食品工业“十五”发展规划要求；（3）国家关于发展绿色食品，促进人民身心健康政策；（4）XX县及周边德兴市、婺源县、上饶县、横峰县等县市丰富山茶油资源优势；（5）有关食用油加工建设规范、标准、要求等。研究工作范围主要是资源分布及拥有量，产品性能、市场前、建设规模、技术方案、工艺技术要求、组织管理、投资估算及经济、社会、环境效益评价等。1.3 结论及建议1.3.1 建设依据充分 （1）资源分布广泛，并着手建设原料生产基地；（2）产品性能独特，市场前景看好；（3）厂址地理位置优越，交通运输便利，建厂条件良好；（4）符合国家产业要求。1.3.2 建设规模及投资 根据研究比较，以建设年产1万吨精制山茶油生产线方案最优，项目总投资5000万元，其中原料基地1886万元，精制厂固定资产投资1700万元，流动资金1414万元。1.3.3 技术方案 生产精制纯山茶油，采用连续式高喷油精炼成套设备，通过脱磷、脱酸、脱色、脱臭四道工序精炼出高档食用油。只需在原加工厂内扩建而成，投资小，见效快，不影响环境。1.3.4 组织管理 扩建后企业采用直线参谋式管理模式，总定员940人，其中山茶油原料基地850人，精制加工厂90人。1.3.5 经济批标 （1）项目总投资5000万元，建设期1年。（2）净利润自投资第二年起为1388万元，第三年为2261万元，第四年为3135万元，第五年为3151万元，第六年开始为3167万元。（3）项目寿命期为投产后20年，累计实现现金流量58273万元。（4）项目投资利润率为60.6%，静态投资回收期三年四个月，内部收益率35.17%。综上所述，该项目是风险小，见效快，经济效益，社会效益良好项目，技术合理，经济可行。1.3.6 建议 （1）由于项目投资规模较大。既有加工厂又有原料基地，应加强管理，合理安全工程进度，做到早建成早见效。（2）山茶油原料基地见效有3年至5年期限，在这期间应注意搞好原材料采购，以防停工待料，尽量提高设备利用率。（3）该项目产品单一，虽市场前景良好，但易受竞争对手打击，故应多开发新产品，避免单打一。（4）茶叶树的种子也可榨成茶油，但其味不佳，企来科研机构应作好研究，努力开发，为企业拓宽原料资源。第二章 建设依据与建设规模2.1 资源保证情况 精制山茶油原料为取自山茶科植物油茶树的种子经提炼而成的毛油，是中国南方特有的一种纯天然高级食用油，南方各省均有分布。2.1.1 资源量及分布山茶树主要分布在我国南方丘陵及中低山区、集中于江西、湖南、浙江、福建、广东、广西等省，为野生山茶科植物。山茶油取其种子（茶籽）经烘烤榨取提炼而成。山茶树可人工播种，一般35年即有收成，不需施肥，打农药，且产量高于天然野生，是退耕还林、保护水土有效手段，值得大力推广，经调查，江西省有油茶林种植面积1750万亩，居全国第二位。除此外，临近浙江开化县年产油茶毛油5000吨，江山市年产油茶毛油800吨，我国现在年产茶籽约60万吨，可生产毛茶油15万吨左右。上饶市有油茶山1911360亩，可年产毛茶5734吨，加上周边县（市）及邻省，一万吨原料油可以完全保证。同时，XX县已把山茶油作为支柱产业扶持，在全县乡镇建立一批原料基地，以确保加工厂的原料供应。计划在全县乡镇建立一批原料基地，以确保加工厂的原料供应。计划在全县山区乡镇建立山茶籽油原料基地共计41万亩，每亩投资46万元，合计总投资为1886万元。对老茶籽林进行垦复更新，低产改造，并培育观音桃、三角枫、霖降红皮、三水桃、白皮中籽、赣无1号、赣无11号等稳产高产良种，基地建成后，至第四年起每年稳定亩产毛油30公斤，总产为12300吨，加上从周边县市及外省收购部分，完全可以保证本厂原料需要。油茶树一般冬初开花，形成小果实，经冬春夏到第二年霖降前后成熟，生产期整整一年。俗称吃四季露水的油料作物，营养特别丰富，由山茶籽提炼而成山茶油不饱和脂肪酸含量高达90%左右，具有特殊的清香味，耐贮存，易吸收，是一种高品位、高营养价值、纯天然绿色保健食用油。据本草纲目、中华药液、纲目拾遗等记载，长期食用山茶油，有“明目亮发、润肠通便、清热化湿、杀虫解毒”之功效，能“抗暑、抗癌、降温、降压”等，中国医药宝典、中国药志和农政全书又载，山茶油含山茶苦（柑）素，脂肪油、玉蕊醇A、茶皂醇AB等，可防癌、润肺清肝、解毒、整肠、降压、止痒、降胆固醇，调平人体器官机能运作，增强人体免疫功能，是调味、食疗保健食用佳品，又能癣疥、防蚊虫叮蛟、除疣、防晒去皱等外用。它的主要成分与世界流行食用油橄榄油相似（如下表）：脂肪酸组成（%）山 茶 油橄 榄 油14:0 肉豆冠酸0.10.216:0 棕榈酸71171618:0 硬脂酸-2.018:1 油 酸7187658518:2 亚油酸7144152.1.2 精制山茶油开发情况我国山茶油大部分为农村采用传统土法即在榨坊榨出毛茶油就直接食用。只有江西、湖南、浙江、广西等主产省份部分采用现代工艺进行精炼，作为高档食用油进入消费市场。年产量仅2万吨左右，目前全国大部分城市尚无精制山茶籽油上市，随着人民生活水平的提高，消费观念的改变，以及三清山旅游业的发展，精制山茶油将被越来越多的消费者接受，具有相当大的市场空间。中国加入WTO以后，出口量也将大量增加，与国际上流行的橄榄油相媲美，国际市场前景也非常好看。就目前全国山茶籽油产量而言，远远满足不了市场需求。2.2 市场前景与需求分析2.2.1 食品油市场行情精制山茶油产量小，主要销往北京、上海、长沙、深圳、杭州、南昌等城市，市场份额小。近些年虽有出些口，也受产量限制，增速慢。故市场中以深圳产“金龙鱼”牌、福建产“仙鹭、宝鹭”牌调和茶油为多，虽价廉但档次不高，无法与精制纯山菜油相比。2.2.2 精制山茶油市场前景近年来，世界消费圈内形成一种食用橄榄油新时尚，橄榄油已在国际上被广泛地推崇和喜爱。而精制山茶油具有与橄榄油相似性能和特质，作为一种低价高质保健食用油必交很快在我国形成消费新时尚。一是适应人们生活水平提高，厨房革命需要；二是顺应人们追求身心健康、要求保健，作为绿色食品需要；三是高品位低价格符合人们消费心理需要。只要锁定城市中高收入阶层居民，以上海为中心由华东而辐射全国，建立新的经销网点，并拓宽出口渠道、扩大出口量，年销售1万吨完全可行。2.3 建设规模根据资源拥有量、市场预测及经济合理原则，拟扩建一条年产1万吨精制山茶油生产线，以壮大企业规模，提高经济效益，促进农民增收，满足市场需求。第三章 厂址选择与建设条件3.1 选择依据（1）靠近原厂址，便于管理，充分利用现有资产，提高资产利用率；（2）交通运输条件较好；（3）场地达九通一平以上，自然条件较好；（4）周边没有有害物质排放源。3.2 厂址位置厂址拟建在原精制食油厂内，即扩建生产线设在原车间前方，充分利用原车间及二楼作为包装和成品仓库。此外，还有充分空地作为原料仓储场地。3.3 建设条件3.3.1 交通运输条件 320国道由西往东在厂大门前通过，在建沪昆高速公路（311）经过厂区北侧，距浙赣铁路XX火车站不足2公里，交通非常便捷。3.3.2 厂址自然条件 （1）气象条件：XX县位于江西东北部，处于长江中下游丘陵山地，属中亚热带季风性湿润气候，四季分明，日照充足，夏热冬冷，春秋温暖，无霜期长。年平均气温为17.9。雨量充沛，年平均降雨量1500mm。（2）水文条件：XX城西工业区平均海拔均高出县城周边的文成、横街等乡镇，加之本厂址又位于小山坡上，历史最高洪水位从未及于此，故无洪水之害。（3）地质条件：原建厂时已进行土地平整，基底为红色泥质粉砂岩，上覆厚度不等粘质粉土及素填土。完全适合生产线建设。（4）地震条件：根据国震发（1992）160号文件，按国家地震局中国地震列度区划图（1990）50年超越概率10%，XX县地震基本烈度小于6度。（5）其它条件：原生产线建设中已征7000平方米土地，现存空地完全可以满足扩建生产线之需，且已达到九通一平，是较理想建设之地。第四章 产品方案与工艺技术4.1 产品方案4.1.1 主、副产品生产的主要产品为精制山茶籽油，副产品为皂脚。4.1.2 产品标准产品执行GB/T177571999高级烹调油通用标准GB2716-85卫生标准。主要产品精制山茶油质量内控标准为：项 目标 准透明度澄清、透明气滋味气味、口感好色泽（罗维朋比色槽133.4mm）黄10、红1水分及挥发物（%）0.10杂 质（%）0酸 价（mgkoH/g）0.5过氧化值（meg/kg）8不皂化物（%）1烟 点（） 2054.1.3 包装要求对主产品包装采用中小规格并举办法，继续使用专用食用油包装塑料桶，按5斤、10斤两种规模包装的同时，逐渐推行1斤和半斤小包装，最终达到“一等质量、一等包装、一等价格”具竞争能力的要求。产品围绕人们消费观念转变，跟踪国际市场趋势达到绿色、保健、时尚要求。4.2 设备选择及土建工程根据资源状况、市场前景及产品质量要求，选用目前国际最先进的连续式日产50吨高喷油精炼成套设备，配套4吨锅炉一台及部分毛油、计量检测设备等也采用目前国际最先进的设备，并建设生产车间、毛油库、锅炉房、化验室等，厂房设计规范，布局合理，造型美观，为花园式环保小区。4.2.1 生产设施