课程设计（论文）基于C语言的俄罗斯方块游戏开发

青 岛 农 业 大 学本 科 生 课 程 论 文论 文 题 目 基于C语言的俄罗斯方块游戏开发 学生专业班级 2010级通信工程专业02班 学生姓名（学号） 指 导 教 师 完 成 时 间 2011年9月22日 2011 年 9 月 11 日 基于C语言的俄罗斯方块游戏开发一 实验题目本课程设计是在学生完成计算机技术基础课程学习后进行的。学生通过本课程的实践，能进一步掌握高级语言程序设计基本概念，掌握基本的程序设计方法；通过设计一个完整的小型程序，初步掌握开发软件所需的需求定义能力、功能分解能力和程序设计能力、代码调试技能；学习编写软件设计文档；为未来的软件设计打下良好的基础。要求学生掌握所学的程序设计方法的基本知识。结合实际深入理解高级语言程序设计的基本概念、原理及方法。运用所学的基础知识开发一个小型的程序，能根据问题的需要构造所需的数据结构，设计适合的算法，解决问题。掌握设计任务的具体要求，进行设计、调试软件的具体方法、步骤和技巧。对一个实际课题的软件设计有基本了解，拓展知识面，激发在此领域中继续学习和研究的兴趣，为学习后续课程做准备。二实验要求与目的设计目的：本程序旨在训练学生的基本编程能力和游戏开发技巧，熟悉C语言图形模式下的编程。本程序中涉及机构体、数组、时钟中断及绘图方面的知识。通过本程序的训练，使学生能对C语言有更深入的了解，掌握俄罗斯方块游戏开发的基本原理，为将来开发出高质量的游戏软件打下坚实的基础。功能：1）游戏方块预览功能。在游戏过程中，当在游戏底板中出现一个游戏方块时，必须在游戏方块预览区域中出现下一个游戏方块，这样有利于游戏玩家控制游戏的策略。由于在此游戏中存在19种不同的游戏方块，所以在游戏方块预览区域中需要显示随机生成的游戏方块。2）游戏方块控制功能。通过各种条件的判断，实现对游戏方块的左移、右移、快速下移、自由下落、旋转功能，以及行满消除行的功能。3）游戏显示更新功能。当游戏方块左右移动、下落、旋转时，要清除先前的游戏方块，用新坐标重绘游戏方块。当消除满行时，要重绘游戏底板的当前状态。4）游戏速度分数更新功能。在游戏玩家进行游戏过程中，需要按照一定的游戏规则给游戏玩家计算游戏分数。比如，消除一行加10分。当游戏分数达到一定数量之后，需要给游戏者进行等级的上升，每上升一个等级，游戏方块的下落速度将加快，游戏的难度将增加。5）游戏帮助功能。玩家进入游戏后，将有对本游戏如何操作的友情提示。三实验环境硬件：CPU-AMD AthlonXP 1800+内存-DDR333256M硬盘-40G显示卡-Max44064M 128bit显示器-17寸彩显软件：OS-Windows XP开发工具-VC+四系统的设计思想(一) 实现程序的流程图隐藏光标初始化背景定义并开始时间游戏是否结束？是否结束？是否有键入？自由下落对左右下变形暂停等进行处理显示并打印背景是否到底？产生并打印下一个方块是否消行？Allscore += scoreCase 0；Speed=25Level=0Case 9；Speed=0Level=9Case 1；Speed=20Level=1printf(%d, level);1Y YYNNYNNY开始;1printf(n)return 0;结束（二）具体的函数实现我先将该程序分为三个部分，即必要的输出部分、主要的函数、次要函数。必要的输出部分应包括背景的输出（包括原有方块的显示）、方块的输出、及下一方块的输出。主要函数应包括实现方块的打印、消行、自由下落、旋转、原来方块的擦除。次要函数应包括显示下一方块、计分、暂停、对方快进行涂色、难度设置等功能的实现。首先进行相关定义为下面编写程序做准备int dia_x, dia_y;/存储方块的位置,左上角int shape, change, nextshape, nextchange;/定义方块的开关与变型clock_t nowtime;/定义开始时间int BackgroundYYYXXX = 0;/定义背景并初始化int Is_Gethit = 0;/接受按键为1， 否则为0； int score = 0, Allscore = 0;/你的得分HANDLE hConsole = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);/设置控制台void gotoxy(int x, int y)/设置光标位置进行必要的输出1.通过数组输出方块的所有图形int Tetris7444 = 0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,/方正0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,/T形0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,/长条0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,/z0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,/反Z0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,/J0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,/L2.打印初始化背景void Init()/初始化背景int i, j;for(i = 0; i XXX; +i)/初始化横的Background0i = 1;BackgroundYYY-1i = 1;for(j = 1; j (YYY-1); +j)/初始化竖的Backgroundj0 = 1;BackgroundjXXX-1 = 1;srand(unsigned)time(NULL);dia_x = XXX/2-1;dia_y = 1;Dis_Back();Score();shape = rand()%7;change = rand()%4;NextTetris();进行主要函数的编写1.打印方块void Dis_Dia(int dia_x, int dia_y, int shape, int change)/打印方块SetColor(shape);int i, j;for(j = 0; j 4; +j)for(i = 0; i 0; -j)CanDis = 1;X:for(i = 1; i 1; -jj)/调整背景数组for(ii = 1; ii (XXX - 1); +ii)Backgroundjjii = Backgroundjj-1ii;+num;goto X;if(num)system(cls);Dis_Back();/重新打印背景score = num*num;4.擦出方块函数（当方块下落到下一时刻时，上一时刻的方块必须进行擦出，以及在显示下一方块时也要调用该函数。）void Clear_Dia(int dia_x, int dia_y, int shape, int change)/擦除方块int i, j;for(j = 0; j 4; +j)for(i = 0; i 3)if(Dete(dia_x, dia_y, shape, 0)Clear_Dia(dia_x, dia_y, shape, change);change = 0;Dis_Dia(dia_x, dia_y, shape, change);elseif(Dete(dia_x, dia_y, shape, change + 1)Clear_Dia(dia_x, dia_y, shape, change);Dis_Dia(dia_x, dia_y, shape, +change);break;case s:case 80:if(Dete(dia_x, dia_y + 1, shape, change)Clear_Dia(dia_x, dia_y, shape, change);Dis_Dia(dia_x, +dia_y, shape, change);break;case a:case 75:if(Dete(dia_x - 1, dia_y, shape, change)Clear_Dia(dia_x, dia_y, shape, change);Dis_Dia(-dia_x, dia_y, shape, change);break;case d:case 77:if(Dete(dia_x + 1, dia_y, shape, change)Clear_Dia(dia_x, dia_y, shape, change);Dis_Dia(+dia_x, dia_y, shape, change);break;default :break;if(clock() - nowtime) = 1000 & Dete(dia_x, dia_y + 1, shape, change)/自动下落Clear_Dia(dia_x, dia_y, shape, change);Dis_Dia(dia_x, +dia_y, shape, change);nowtime = clock();至此函数的主要功能已经实现，下面我们队该程序的其他功能进行完善。1.下一方块并打印出来void NextTetris()/设置下一个方块并打印出来gotoxy(XXX*2+5, YYY-21);printf(The next tetris:);Clear_Dia(XXX+5, YYY-20, nextshape, nextchange); nextshape = rand()%7;nextchange = rand()%4;Dis_Dia(XXX+5, YYY-20, nextshape, nextchange);2对游戏进行计分并对难度进行设置.void Score()/分数系统Allscore += score;SetColor(5);gotoxy(XXX*2+5, YYY-15);printf(score:);gotoxy(XXX*2+5, YYY-13);printf(%d, Allscore);switch(Allscore/100) case 0:speed=25;break; case 1:speed=20;break; case 2:speed=17;break; case 3:speed=15;break; case 4:speed=12;break; case 5:speed=10;break; case 6:speed=7;break; case 7:speed=5;break; case 8:speed=2;break; case 9:speed=0;break; gotoxy(XXX*2+5, YYY-11);printf(level:);if(speed=25)level=0;if(speed=20)level=1;if(speed=17)level=2;if(speed=15)level=3;if(speed=12)level=4;if(speed=10)level=5;if(speed=7)level=6;if(speed=5)level=7;if(speed=2)level=8;if(speed=0)level=9;gotoxy(XXX*2+5, YYY-9);printf(%d, level);3.对方快进行着色void SetColor(int shape)/设置方块颜色SetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsole, shape+9);4.暂停void Pause()/暂停 char c;doc=getch(); while(c!=p);五源代码#include #include #include #include #include #define XXX 14 /方框的横轴大小#define YYY 25 /方框的竖轴大小int speed;nt level;int Tetris7444 = 0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,/方正0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,/T形0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,/长条0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,/z0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,/反Z0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,/J0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,/L;/方块数组 int dia_x, dia_y;/存储方块的位置,左上角int shape, change, nextshape, nextchange;/定义方块的开关与变型clock_t nowtime;/定义开始时间int BackgroundYYYXXX = 0;/定义背景并初始化int Is_Gethit = 0;/接受按键为1， 否则为0； int score = 0, Allscore = 0;/你的得分HANDLE hConsole = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);/设置控制台void gotoxy(int x, int y)/设置光标位置COORD coord;coord.X = x;coord.Y = y;SetConsoleCursorPosition(hConsole, coord);void SetColor(int shape)/设置方块颜色SetConsoleTextAttribute(hConsole, shape+9);void Clear_Dia(int dia_x, int dia_y, int shape, int change)/擦除方块int i, j;for(j = 0; j 4; +j)for(i = 0; i 4; +i)if(Tetrisshapechangeji = 1)gotoxy(2*dia_x + 2*j, dia_y + i);printf( );void Pause()/暂停 char c;doc=getch(); while(c!=p);void Dis_Dia(int dia_x, int dia_y, int shape, int change)/打印方块SetColor(shape);int i, j;for(j = 0; j 4; +j)for(i = 0; i 4; +i)if(Tetrisshapechangeji = 1)gotoxy(2*dia_x + 2*j, dia_y + i);printf();void Backdrop(int dia_x, int dia_y, int shape, int change)/将方块融入背景int j, i;for(j = 0; j 4; +j)for(i = 0; i 4; +i)if(Tetrisshapechangeji = 1)Backgrounddia_y + idia_x + j = 1;void Dis_Back()/显示背景int j, i;for(j = 0; j YYY; +j)for(i = 0; i XXX; +i)if(Backgroundji = 1)gotoxy(2*i, j);printf();int Dete(int dia_x, int dia_y, int shape, int change)/判断是否非法int j, i;for(j = 0; j 4; +j)for(i = 0; i 4; +i)if(Backgrounddia_y + idia_x + j = 1) & (Tetrisshapechangeji = 1)return 0;/返回0代表非法了return 1;/返回1代表不非法int Is_GameOver()/判断游戏结束了没int j;for(j = 1; j 0; -j)CanDis = 1;X:for(i = 1; i 1; -jj)/调整背景数组for(ii = 1; ii (XXX - 1); +ii)Backgroundjjii = Backgroundjj-1ii;+num;goto X;if(num)system(cls);Dis_Back();/重新打印背景score = num*num;void Score()/分数系统Allscore += score;SetColor(5);gotoxy(XXX*2+5, YYY-15);printf(score:);gotoxy(XXX*2+5, YYY-13);printf(%d, Allscore);switch(Allscore/100) case 0:speed=25;break; case 1:speed=20;break; case 2:speed=17;break; case 3:speed=15;break; case 4:speed=12;break; case 5:speed=10;break; case 6:speed=7;break; case 7:speed=5;break; case 8:speed=2;break; case 9:speed=0;break; gotoxy(XXX*2+5, YYY-11);printf(level:);if(speed=25)level=0;if(speed=20)level=1;if(speed=17)level=2;if(speed=15)level=3;if(speed=12)level=4;if(speed=10)level=5;if(speed=7)level=6;if(speed=5)level=7;if(speed=2)level=8;if(speed=0)level=9;gotoxy(XXX*2+5, YYY-9);printf(%d, level);void Init()/初始化背景int i, j;for(i = 0; i XXX; +i)/初始化横的Background0i = 1;BackgroundYYY-1i = 1;for(j = 1; j 3)if(Dete(dia_x, dia_y, shape, 0)Clear_Dia(dia_x, dia_y, shape, change);change = 0;Dis_Dia(dia_x, dia_y, shape, change);elseif(Dete(dia_x, dia_y, shape, change + 1)Clear_Dia(dia_x, dia_y, shape, change);Dis_Dia(dia_x, dia_y, shape, +change);break;case s:case 80:if(Dete(dia_x, dia_y + 1, shape, change)Clear_Dia(dia_x, dia_y, shape, change);Dis_Dia(dia_x, +dia_y, shape, change);break;case a:case 75:if(Dete(dia_x - 1, dia_y, shape, change)Clear_Dia(dia_x, dia_y, shape, change);Dis_Dia(-dia_x, dia_y, shape, change);break;case d:case 77:if(Dete(dia_x + 1, dia_y, shape, change)Clear_Dia(dia_x, dia_y, shape, change);Dis_Dia(+dia_x, dia_y, shape, change);break;default :break;if(clock() - nowtime) = 1000 & Dete(dia_x, dia_y + 1, shape, change)/自动下落Clear_Dia(dia_x, dia_y, shape, change);Dis_Dia(dia_x, +dia_y, shape, change);nowtime = clock();void HideCursor()/隐藏光标CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO cursor_info = 1, 0; SetConsoleCursorInfo(hConsole, &cursor_info);int main(void)HideCursor();system(title 俄罗斯方块);Init();nowtime = clock();while(Is_GameOver()if(Is_Gethit)dia_x = XXX/2-1;dia_y = 1;Is_Gethit = 0;if(clock() - nowtime) = 500 & !Dete(dia_x, dia_y +1, shape, change)Backdrop(dia_x, dia_y, shape, change);Is_Gethit = 1;shape = nextshape;change = nextchange;Disappear();NextTetris();Score();Getkbhit();Sleep(speed);printf(n);return 0;六结束语这次课程设计基本上含盖了大学一年纪学习到的C 语言和大二所学习到的C+知识点，课设题目要求不仅要求对课本知识有较深刻的了解，同时要求程序设计者有较强的思维和动手能力。这次课设使我了解我编程思想和编程技巧，也认识了软件生命周期的各个环境，包括构思、设计、编写、调试、发布、文档化、维护和修订。编程的风格也很重要，同学只关心程序运行的结果，而对程序代码的结构的良好丝毫不在意。这是非常不可取的，如果我们希望将来从事编程工作，在这一点上该引起足够的重视。这是严谨的态度，很重要！在写程序的过程中遇到很多麻烦，最开始都不知道怎么下笔，理清思路后才开始慢慢能自己动手了，当方块能自己移动的时候又出现问题了，就是把方块移动到右边的时候再变形的话下个方块就容易挂在边上，最后写了一个函数，判断当前方块变形后的下一个方块是否越界，在变形的时候便调用这个函数就可以了。另外一个问题就出现在消行上，当一行被添满后应该消去一行，这个操作基本上实现了，但是最后落下那个方块不会消去，经过检查才发现进行了两次刷新，第一次刷新消去过后再经过第二次刷新便把那个方块又显示出来了。在写程序中会遇到这样那样的问题很多，要学会自己去发现去修改，才能提高自己的能力。做课程设计不仅让我修补了以前学习的漏洞，也让我知道一个道理：编程需要兴趣和实际动手。这应该可以借鉴在老师的教学工作上。创新思维至关重要，这不仅能让我们写出精简的代码，也有助于开发出高效的程序。课 程 论 文 成 绩 评 定 表学生姓名专业班级论文题目指导教师评语及意见：成绩： 指导教师签字 年 月 日