高中英语专项突破 完形填空 句间逻辑推理能力

高中新课程完形填空的技能考查技能考查简介普通高中课程改革英语学科教学指导意见指出：高中英课程的总目标之一是培养学生的综合语言运用能力；语言技能和语言知识是综合语言运用能力的基础。并因此而着重提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力，特别注重提高学生用英语进行思维和表达的能力；形成跨文化交际的意识和基本的跨文化交际能力。高中英语考试说明的命题要求明确指出：“完形填空考查学生的阅读理解能力和词汇的综合运用能力，所选语言材料要有利于考生进行语篇分析，要保证本大题有较好的区分度。”因此，高考完形填空题这种题型的设置是检验课程实施效果的方法之一。该题型要求高中生必须具备快速阅读理解一篇抽去相当数量词汇文章的内容领悟能力和分析推断能力，综合运用所学语法知识、词汇辨析能力，常识和逻辑推理能力，和具有一定的跨文化交际意识和能力。具体考查技能如下：逻辑推理能力：完形填空对篇章逻辑推理能力的考查主要表现在考生能否根据句中，句间甚至是整篇文章的逻辑关系，比如因果、转折、并列等关系，选出正确选项。主要包括以下几个方面：（一）句中逻辑推理能力（二）句间逻辑推理能力（三）篇章逻辑推理能力（四）篇章原词重现（二）句间逻辑推理能力句间逻辑推理能力：根据文中前后句子间的逻辑关系，判断推理出正确选项。e.g. Lisa was one of the mobile children, 39 from house to house in childhood. She longs for a sense of 40 , and so we have come to Nova Scotia where my husband and I were born and where our ancestors 41 for 200 years. 39.A. passedB. raisedC. movedD. sent 40.A. homeB. dutyC. realityD. relief41.A. builtB. livedC. remainedD. explored【解析】考查句间的逻辑推理能力。前句的关键词 the mobile children, 和 from house to house，体现了原因：Lisa 从小居无定所，得出结论：渴望有家的感觉，根据这两者间的因果关系，得出正确答案为 A。一、小试牛刀：1、As soon as I sat down, my 41 made the chair begin to roll. Its wheels were not 42 .41. A. heightB. force C. skill D. weight42. A. lockedB. repaired C. powered D. grasped2、He looks around at 22 . He stops when he 23 someone with no gloves.22. A. carsB. peopleC. street numbers D. traffic lights23. A. helpsB. choosesC. greets D. sees3、He looks like any other businessman, wearing a suit and carrying a briefcase (公文箱). But hes 19 . His briefcase always has some gloves。19. A. calmB. differentC. crazyD. curious4、They had to travel outside France for several weeks. That afternoon, I had to 28 out of one familys house and into another.28. A, moveB. travelC. walkD. rush5、“I hope youve learned a lesson. You put us both in 54 , ” he shouted angrily, as he dragged her over the side of the 55 .54.A. powerB. safetyC. dangerD. thought 55.A. houseB. waveC. beachD. boat【答案解析】1、【解析】A。考查句子间逻辑推理能力。由前面句中的 the chair began to roll，推出正是轮子没有锁上，才会滚动，故选择A。2、【解析】D。考查句子间逻辑推理能力。前句说到他“look around”，此处应是看到（sees）某些人。3、【解析】B。考查句子间逻辑推理能力。前句说他看起来和其他商人差不多，穿着西装，带着公文箱，但是他的公文箱里有一些手套，这就与众不同（different）了。4、【解析】A。考查句子间逻辑推理能力。根据前句可知原来的寄宿家庭要出国，那他一定是要搬出去到另一家去，选项A正确。5、【解析】C。考查句子间逻辑推理能力。根据前文所描述的情形，女孩处在很危险的情形中，老人去救她，也是冒着危险的，因此女孩的举动让他们都处于危险（danger）之中。二、基础巩固：1、My hands started to ache as I 51 the heavy metal wheels. I came to know that controlling the 52 of the wheelchair was not going to be a(n) 53 task.51. A. lifted B. turned C. pressed D. seized52. A. pathB. position C. direction D. way53. A. easyB. heavy C. major D. extra2、Human beings are born with this ability. 2 ，experiments show that many animals are, too.2. A. Importantly B. Surprisingly C. DisappointedlyD. Fortunately3、Michael Greenberg is a very popular New Yorker. He is not famous in sports or the arts. But people in the streets 16 him, especially those who are 17 .16. A. know about B. learn fromC. cheer forD. look after17. A. oldB. busyC. kindD. poor4、Then, just as it seemed as if she would slip beneath the surface, she heard a 52 voice. “Hold on ! Im coming.”52.A. calmB. frighteningC. beautifulD. disgusting5、I was completely frustrated and 22 . Dropping the basket heavily, I declared, If the store wants its last twenty dozen, they can pick it themselves!22. A. surprisedB. nervousC. angry D. frightened【答案解析】1、【解析】A。考查句子间逻辑推理能力。前句中的ache, heavy 等词推断出本句的task应该是不容易的，故选择A。2、【解析】B。考查句子间逻辑推理能力。前句说“人类与生俱来具有这种能力（分辨数字变化的能力）”，后句讲“很多鸟类也有很好的数字感。”，运用逻辑推断可知，这里表示这是“令人惊讶的是”，四个选项分别为：A“重要的是”，B“令人惊讶的是”，C“令人失望的是”，D“幸运的是”；所以答案为B。3、【解析】A。考查句子间逻辑推理能力。前面说他在艺术或运动方面不出名（not famous），然后用but转折，但是人们都知道、了解（know about）他。4、【解析】A。考查句子间逻辑推理能力。从下面的老人说的“Hold on! Im coming.”，可见他很平静，处变不惊，也是为了让女孩有安全感。其余三项分别意为：令人害怕的；美妙的；令人厌恶的，均不符合语境。5、【解析】C。考查句子间逻辑推理能力。后句的“重重的摔篮子”，然后说“如果杂货店还要那他们可以自己摘玉米”，这些都可以印证“我”很生气，而不是A吃惊，B紧张，D害怕。三、能力提高：1、Leaping on a narrow balance beam（平衡木） is not easy. But Lola Walter, a 13-year-old gymnast, is an expert at it.To perfect her skills, Lola 36 for four hours a day, five days a week.36. A. runsB. teachesC. trainsD. dances2、He stops when he 23 someone with no gloves. He gives them a pair and then he 24 , looking for more people with cold 25 .23. A. helpsB. choosesC. greets D. sees24. A. holds upB. hangs outC. moves onD. turns around25. A. handsB. earsC. faces D. eyes3、I thought I was smarter than everyone else, so I hardly ever 40 to anyone in my classes. By the end of my first semester, I was really 41 .41. A. carefulB. lonelyC. curiousD. guilty 4、As I held my fathers hands one night, I couldnt help but notice their calluses(老茧) and roughness. His hinds tell the story of his life as a 16 ， including all his struggles.One summer, I remember, a drought（旱灾）hit Ontario, turning it into a 17 desert.16. A. teacherB. gardenerC. farmerD. grocer17. A. stormyB. livelyC. disappearingD. burning5、What really matters is _55_, not intensity (强度) of your exercise. You can try walking for 30 minutes five times per week or simply gardening on weekends.55. A. timeB. length C. formD. frequency 【答案解析】1、【解析】C。考查句子间逻辑推理能力。句意：为了完善技巧，她一天_ 四个小时，一周五天。联系上段中的“gymnast（体操运动员）”可知，是C项“训练”为正确选项。2、【解析】A。考查句子间逻辑推理能力。前句句意表明他在寻找没有手套的人，这推出他送给人们的是手套，当然是寻找更多手（hands）冷的人了。3、【解析】B。考查句子间逻辑推理能力。根据前一句话“I hardly ever talked to anyone else”,可知作者没有朋友，很孤独，故选B。4、【解析】C。考查句子间逻辑推理能力。前面的句子提到父亲的手上满是老茧很粗糙，推测他的职业是农民最合适，更重要的是，下文中说到了父子在田里摘棉花，更加印证了是农民的判断。四个选项的意思分别是老师，园丁，农民，杂货商。5、【解析】D。考查句子间逻辑推理能力。本句意为：关键是锻炼的频率而不是锻炼的强度。下句中的30 minutes five times per week 所表达的是动作发生的频率。四、终极挑战：1、By bad luck, my purse strap(带子) got 28 on a chair and the tray(托盘) that I was holding slipped 29 my hands and went flying in the air. The tray, and its contents, 30 on a man who was just about to 31 a bite of his sandwich.28. A. fixed B. caught C. cut D. tied29. A. by B. in C. from D. out30. A. knocked B. fell C. stood D. hung31. A. take B. taste C. swallow D. chew2、When she was little, her mom 39 that even though she couldnt see 40 , she was fearless. So her mom signed her up for gymnastics when she was three.39. A. suspectedB remembered C. imagined D. noticed40. A. deeply B. well C. ahead D. closely3、I used to believe in the American Dream, which meant a job, a mortgage (按揭)，credit cards, success. I wanted it and worked toward it like everyone else, all of us 36 chasing the same thing.36. A. separatelyB. equallyC. violentlyD. naturally4、The most valuabe lesson I gain from studying in France wasnt just to respect the French people 39 to respect all people, for your next best friend could be just a continent away. I would recommend an exchange program to anyone who wants to experience foreign culture and gain meaningful 40 .39. A. and B. but C. or D. so40. A. instructionB. friendshipsC. factsD. date5、According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helped reduce 51 in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study that shows increased wealth 52 to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries as a result of integration (融合）of local economies into the world economy.51. A. crimeB. povertyC. conflictD. population52. A. contributing B. respondingC. turningD owing【答案解析】1、【解析】B。考查句子间逻辑推理能力。前句说到托盘went flying in the air（托盘连同食物脱手飞了出去），因此，此题描写的是托盘与食物的坠落fall。2、【解析】D。考查句子间逻辑推理能力。remember 记得；回想起；suspect 猜疑；怀疑； imagine想象； notice 注意到。根据下句的句意：所以她妈妈在她3岁的时候，给她报名参加了体操训练。可以推断出本句的句意为：她的妈妈在她小时候“注意到”虽然她视力不好，但却不害怕。故D 为正确选项。3、【解析】A。考查句子间逻辑推理能力。由此句 “I wanted it and worked toward it like everyone else.”作者过去曾经坚信的美国梦就是大家都在共同的追求中实现个人的成功。separately单独地，个别地；equally相等地；平等地；4、【解析】B。考查句子间逻辑推理能力。由前句中的study, respect all people, your next best friend等词讲的都是跟友谊有关的，故选项B正确5、【解析】B。考查句子间逻辑推理能力。由后句的increased wealth可知本句说的是经济全球化增加了财富，也就是减少了贫穷现象。5