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英语翻译第三部分单句翻译第三部分单句翻译（技巧分析及重点归纳）单句翻译部分考点总结：词性转换词义选择句子成分转换句式转换语序调整一、英译汉部分考点分析1.词性转换 转动词（1）名词转动词（2）形容词转动词（3）介词转动词（4）副词转动词In exchange, he said, China agreed to increase its domestic demand, meaning relying less on its cheap currency to drive exports. （Unit 1）Obama replied, We believe strong dialogue is important not only for the U.S. and China, but for the rest of the world. （Unit 1）American strategic thinkers are calling attention to Chinas increasing global economic reach and the growing capability of its military forces. （Unit 3）Care must be taken lest both sides analyze themselves into self-fulfilling prophecies. （Unit 3）For weeks, central Russia has been in the grips of its worst-ever heat wave, which has caused probably thousands of fatalities. （Unit 9）.offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world .（Unit 15）.and there is a modem commercial development at Docklands with skyscrapers to rival those in Pudong. （Unit 19）Shops and restaurants supply mixtures of Chinese and western food, the more genuine ones with menus in Chinese as well as English, but most customers eat with a knife and fork. （Unit 19）Over the library of one of our great law schools is inscribed the motto, “Not under man but under God and law.”（Unit 21）2.词义选择Reflecting the broad range of issues that have come to characterize relations between two countries, some of the sensitive topics that have dominated U.S.-Chinese talks in the past now seem further down the agenda.（Unit 1）Most national news has an important financial aspect to it. （Unit 5）Pub etiquette is designed to promote sociability in a society known for its reserve. （Unit 11）A group of Italian youths waited for 45 minutes before they realized they would have to fetch their own. This may sound inconvenient, but there is a hidden purpose. （Unit 11）Imagine a virus that could travel like the fluand kill like HIV. （Unit 13）We now live in such crowded cities that the scope for transmission of a virus which travels through air is greater than ever before. （Unit 13）Some of the players were dismayed by the new rules, which stated that the ball could no longer be carried, and that kicking and grabbing your opponent was not allowed. （Unit 17）These had been part of the game since 1823，when a schoolboy at Rugby School decided that his dribbling skills were not up to much, and picked the ball up and started running towards the opponents goal. Neither he nor I anticipated this long and difficult road. （Unit 21） But our disappointment must be overcome by our love of country. （Unit 21）At certain stops there are surprises. Some of these will translate into great moments of joy; some will result in profound sorrow. （Unit 23）Some people consider their journey like a jaunty tour. They will just go merrily along. Others will encounter many upsets, tears and losses on their journey. （Unit 25）Then I found that she had been married about two weeks before, to a local innkeeper. She hadnt waited. （Unit 25）3.句子成分的转换Obama said American values of freedom of speech and assembly are “universal rights, and they should be made available to all the people.”（Unit 1）（并列句改作前置定语）The upcoming summit between the America and Chinese presidents is to take place while progress is being made in resoling many of the issues before them.（Unit 3）（主语改作宾语）Care must be taken lest both sides analyze themselves into self-fulfilling prophecies. （Unit 3）（主语改作谓语，同时在句式上被动句改为主动句）Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?（Unit 5）（宾语改作主语，定语改作表语）A brief glimpse at a daily newspaper vividly shows how much people in the United States think about business. （Unit 5）（主语改作状语，增译主语）This summer has seen one of the weather-related extremes in Russia, Pakistan, China, Europe, the Arcticyou name it. （Unit 9）（主语改作时间状语，宾语改作主语，增译谓语动词）On a smaller scale, European countries like Germany, Poland, and the Czech Republic have also suffered serious flooding. （Unit 9）（状语改作定语，定语改作状语）Amazingly for the British, who love queues, there is no formal line-up; the bar staff are skilled at knowing whose turn it is. （Unit 11）（单个的副词状语改为主句）You are permitted to try to attract attention, but there are rules about how to do this. （Unit 11）（谓语改作状语）For example, viruses are emerging more frequently than ever before. （Unit 13）（谓语改作主语，主语改作定语，状语改作谓语）These are very sophisticated processes which often take place without the bodys owner knowing anything about it. （Unit 13）（定语从句改作并列谓语）The arrangement benefits both countries. （Unit 15）（谓语改作宾语）Down one ordinary street you will come upon a genuine Shakespearean pub that still serves beer. （Unit 19）（定语从句改作谓语）And there are odder things, such as the unchanged Victorian lecture room where Darwin presented his theory of evolution to the world. （Unit 19）（前置定语改作谓语）4.句式转换One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. （Unit 5）（宾语及补足语改作句子）Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the idea of equality of opportunity. （Unit 5）（被动句改作主动句，增译主语）LS9 has already convinced one oil industry veteran of its plan. （Unit 7）（主动句改作被动句，同时注意句中单词convince的翻译。）This tip can be found in a booklet, Passport to the Pub: The Tourists Guide to Pub Etiquette, a customers code of conduct for those wanting to sample British life and culture. （Unit 11）（名词词组改作独立句）.the bar staff are skilled at knowing whose turn it is. （Unit 11）（主系表改作主谓宾）Even the flu virus can be a killer. （Unit 13）（主系表改作主谓宾）Then there are defenses inside the body which act as early warning systems between the cells and the white blood cells. （Unit 13）（there be句型改作主谓结构）As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. （Unit 15）（主谓宾结构改作主题+述题结构）Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. （Unit 15）（主动句改作被动句）Well, in addition to inventing the modem Olympic Games, Britain also gave the world its most popular sports. （Unit 17）（主谓宾改为主系表）Some of the players were dismayed by the new rules, which stated that the ball could no longer be carried, and that kicking and grabbing your opponent was not allowed. （Unit 17）（主从关系句改为因果关系句，注意定语从句和主句的关系）I say to president-elect Bush that what remains of partisan rancor must now be put aside, and may God bless his stewardship of this country. （Unit 21）（被动句改作主动句）Let there be no doubt, while I strongly disagree with the courts decision, I accept it. （Unit 21）（there be结构改做主谓结构）At certain stops there are surprises. （Unit 23）There are others who board the train and who eventually become very important to us, in turn. （Unit 23）（定语从句改为并列句）I was with my father on a business-and-pleasure trip, and in our leisure hours we were having a wonderful time. （Unit 25）（主系表改为主谓宾）I followed his eyes and looked across the room to a woman who was setting a tray of drinks before some customers. （Unit 25）（定语从句改做谓语）I couldnt make it. I just couldnt make it, Linda. （Unit 27）（主谓宾改做主题+述题结构）But you didnt rest your mind. Your mind is overactive, and the mind is what counts, dear. （Unit 27）（主系表改为主谓宾）This agreement shall come into force and effect upon signature, seal and execution by the parties hereto, being made in three originals, one to be held by each of the parties, the third to be submitted to competent authority for review and approval. （Unit 29）（现在分词改做独立句，名词词组改为独立句）5.语序调整President Obama and his Chinese counterpart, Hu Jintao, emerged from two hours of talks Tuesday morning（Unit 1）（后置的时间状语被移到句首）it is important for both countries to oppose and reject protectionism in all its forms.” （Unit 1）（真正的主语移到句首）Yet both leaders also face an opinion among elites in their countries emphasizing conflict rather than cooperation. （Unit 3）（后置定语改为前置定语）A Cold War between them would bring about an international choosing of sides, spreading disputes into internal politics of every region at a time when issues such as nuclear proliferation, the environment, energy and climate require a comprehensive global solution. （Unit 3）（句尾的时间状语移到谓语之前）This summer has seen one of the weather-related extremes in Russia, Pakistan, China, Europe, the Arcticyou name it. （Unit 9）（语义中心后置，地点状语提前）Extreme rainfall events will also become more frequent and intense in a warmer climate, owing to another simple fact of physics: warm air can hold more moisture. （Unit 9）（语义中心后置，地点状语提前）The British are famous for inventions that have changed the world. （Unit 17）（定语从句前置）One of the oldest, and lets face it, most bizarre sports from Britain is golf. （Unit 17）（主语和表语互换位置）London is bigger, dirtier and more crowded than one would imagine from the descriptions in many magazines and books. （Unit 19）（状语前置，语义中心后置）There is a small Chinatown at the heart of the theatre and cinema district in Soho. （Unit 19）（状语前置，语义中心后置）Indeed, that history gives us many examples of contests as hotly debated, as fiercely fought, with their own challenges to the popular will. （Unit 21）（后置定语前置）The strength of American democracy is shown most clearly through the difficulties it can overcome. （Unit 21）（状语前置，语义中心后置）We live on with the memories of their love, affection, friendship, guidance and their constant presence. （Unit 23） （状语前置，语义中心后置）We will sometimes be upset that some passengers, whom we love, will choose to sit in another compartment and leave us to travel on our own. （Unit 23） （原因状语从句被移到句首，改为译句的主题）He had visited Denmark when he was a young man. （Unit 25） （句尾的时间状语移到句中）“How she has changed! Thank heaven she didnt recognize me,”muttered Father, mopping his face with a handkerchief. （Unit 25） （句尾的主句被移到句首）You can imagine, me looking at scenery, on the road every week of my life. （Unit 27） （句尾的时间状语移到句中）Theres no reason why you cant work in New York. （Unit 27） （从句移到句首）二、汉译英部分考点分析1.词性转换 转名词我们要使社会更加发展进步，（Unit 2）（动词改为抽象名词）党和政府把稳定物价作为经济生活的一件大事。 （Unit 2）（动词改为抽象名词）其中，平均每年少征收的关税为1500亿2000亿元，少征收的增值税为1500亿2000亿元， （Unit 4）（动词改为名词）中国已经从一个平均主义盛行的国家，转变为贫富差距扩大现象严重、收入差距超过国际上中等不平等程度的国家。 （Unit 4）（名词转换为代词）当低空大气层中的水汽达到饱和状态时，水汽凝结物悬浮在空中形成雾茫茫的天气（Unit 10）（形容词改做动词被动结构）国际著名高等学府看好并落户中国（Unit 16）（动词改做介词短语）教育部已经批准筹建上海纽约大学（Unit 16）（动词改做名词）山谷顶端，残留着一座道教建筑，名“黄龙古寺”（Unit 20）（动词改做名词）据科学工作者考察，这里的山体系石灰岩地质，黄龙景观实为岩溶地貌。 （Unit 20）（动词改做名词）我们的运动员在国际奥委会举办的重大比赛中都有出色的表现。（Unit 22）（名词改做动词）为了传播奥林匹克精神，中国同时也帮助其他发展中国家完善其体育设施（Unit 22）（动词改做介词）作者主动投给图书出版者的稿件，出版者应在六个月内决定是否采用。 （Unit 30）（副词改作介词短语）采用的，应签订合同；不采用的，应及时通知作者。 （Unit 30）（动词改作名词）2.词义选择未来五年提升百姓幸福感，政府有哪些考虑？（Unit 2）从去年到今年，我们先后三次出台调控措施。 （Unit 2）对有条件的大中型企业应授予其进出口经营权。 （Unit 4）在市场景气时大显身手，而在市场萧条时也能站稳脚根。 （Unit 4）除了塑料瓶，塑料汽水瓶、洗涤剂瓶也能拿来做时装。 （Unit 8）塑料瓶的主要材料一般是PP （聚丙烯）及少量的PET （聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇醋）。 （Unit 8）我们的传统节日大都与古代的农业生产紧密相连。 （Unit 12）因SARS而产生的惊恐则会削弱我们的免疫系统，从而使我们更容易感染上这种可怕的疾病。 （Unit 14）是培养信念还是让恐惧主宰我们的生活，我们每天都要做出选择。 （Unit 14）手书“北京2008”借汉字形态之神韵，将中国人对奥林匹克的千万种表达浓缩于简洁的笔画中。 （Unit 18）在这个标志中，红色被演绎得格外强烈，激情被张扬得格外奔放。 （Unit 18）中国拥护奥林匹克精神，是奥委会各项号召和活动的重要支持者. （Unit 22）2008年如能在北京热烈欢迎各位客人，这将是我们最喜悦的盛事。 （Unit 22）假使年轻的时候鞭策自己，如今当有较好或较多的表现。 （Unit 24）我年过三十才知道读书自修的重 要。 （Unit 24）当他看准鸽子的位置以后，略一犹疑，便趴下，向车底爬去。 （Unit 26）“莫谈国事”的纸条可是保存了下来，而且字写的更大。 （Unit 28）3.句子成分的转换我要恪尽职守，和人民一道克服困难，使国家更加繁荣昌盛。 （Unit 2）（并列谓语改作目的状语）改革开放以来，中国社会经济迅速发展，取得了举世公认的成就。 （Unit 4）（第一个并列句改为介词短语做状语）根据联合国开发计划署的统计数字，中国目前的基尼系数为0.45. （Unit 4）（本句涉及主语的选择，同时增译谓语动词）要通过精加工和深加工提高出口商品的附加值；. （Unit 6）（本句涉及主语的选择，状语变主语）在选择新辟市场时要权衡其风险与机会，并且要反应迅速； . （Unit 6）（本句涉及主语的选择，状语变主语；同时并列谓语变为了状语）据有关部门统计，我国的一个中等城市每年产生的塑料废弃物可满足20家小型塑料企业的原材料需求。 （Unit 8）（本句涉及主语的选择，状语变主语）气温愈高，空气中所能容纳的水汽愈多，反之愈少。 （Unit 10）（本句涉及主语的选择和谓语的选择）白昼的温度一般比较高，空气中可容纳较多的水汽。 （Unit 10）（本句涉及主语的选择，状语改作主语）60.7%的女性认为“洋节轻松自在，中国传统节日过得累”。 （Unit 12）（本句涉及主语的选择，增译主语；同时原文主语改作状语）落后与挨打成了人们对近代历史的习惯性总结，麻木自卑甚至憎恨因此成了大多数人对待自身文化的态度。（本句涉及主语的选择，改译主语；同时表语改作谓语）因SARS而产生的惊恐则会削弱我们的免疫系统，从而使我们更容易感染上这种可怕的疾病。 （Unit 14）（结果状语改作定语从句）正如上文所述，恐惧确实给我们造成危害。 （Unit 14）（双宾语改为单宾语，原来的直接宾语改作谓语）事实上，我们生活在SARS疫区中的大多数人没有被传染的危险。 （Unit 14）（本句涉及主语的选择，状语改作主语）中国教育那些饱受垢病的顽疾会否受到“洋大学”的冲击而产生“鲇鱼效应” ? （Unit 16）（本句涉及主语的选择，宾语改作主语；同时主句改作状语从句）华东师范大学校长俞立中向记者介绍：“从美方角度，创办上海纽约大学是其全球网络大学的一个组成部分. （Unit 16）（主句改作状语从句）它背倚岷山主峰雪宝顶，树木苍翠，花香袭人，鸟声婉转，流水潺潺。 （Unit 20）（并列句改作状语）据科学工作者考察，这里的山体系石灰岩地质，黄龙景观实为岩溶地貌。 （Unit 20）（状语改作主语和谓语）4.句式的转换要努力生产适销对路的名特优新产品和“拳头”产品打入国际市场。（Unit 6）（无主语句变被动句）尤其要提高用外语针对国外市场进行宣传的能力。 （Unit 6）（无主语句变主系表结构）西学东渐,西节也迅速在这片土地上枝叶繁茂起来，甚至有喧宾夺主之势。 （Unit 12）（并列句改作主从复合句）节日不仅仅是日常生活的调剂，更是维系民族认同感的纽带。 （Unit 12）（主系表改作主谓宾）是培养信念还是让恐惧主宰我们的生活，我们每天都要做出选择。 （Unit 14）（主题+述题结构改作主谓宾结构）外国大学在中国设立分校或合作交流机构，确实给从事科研或有志到外国大学深造的学生提供了更多机会。 （Unit 16）（主题+述题结构改作被动句）红色是喜悦的心情，红色是活力的象征，红色是中国对世界的祝福和盛情。 （Unit 18）（排比句改作简单句）尤其是在国际奥委会的支持下，我相信我们也会办好这届奥运会。我相信这个奥运会会大大提高中国人民对体育的热情。 （Unit 22）（独立句改作定语从句）全世界很多人都有这样一个梦想，他们希望有朝一日能来中国并访问北京. （Unit 22）（并列句改作同位语从句）再看看墙上挂着的可以一张一张撕下的日历，每天撕下一张就是表示我们的寿命又缩短了一天。 （Unit 24）（无主句改作介词短语；无主句改作被动句）没有人不爱惜他的生命，但很少人珍视他的时间。 （Unit 24）（并列句改作简单句）他只要一用劲就能把鸽子的脖颈扭断，他渴望鸽子的血滴到自己的虎口上让它成为真正的肉！ （Unit 28）（“只要.就” 结构改作一种特殊的条件句结构）.表演者应当通过演出组织者向著作权人支付报酬。 （Unit 30）（主动句改作被动句）5.语序的调整国务院总理温家宝27日上午来到中国政府网和新华网，与网友在线交流。 （Unit 2）（语义中心前置）未来五年提升百姓幸福感，政府有哪些考虑？ （Unit 2）（语义中心前置）本来国家通过健全的税收制度，可以缓解贫富差距问题. （Unit 4）（语义中心前置，状语后置）同国民经济发展幅度相比，中国的社会保障事业以及社会转移支付表现出一种明显滞后的情形。 （Unit 4）（语义中心前置）诸如此类的事故及危害都源于大雾天气。 （Unit 10）（定语后置）人们如果在雾中锻炼或散步，随着活动量的增加，呼吸加深、加快，就会更多地吸入雾中的有害物质. （Unit 10）（主句前置，语义中心前移，状语后置）这方“中国印”镌刻着一个有着十三亿人口和五十六个民族的国家对于奥林匹克运动的誓言. （Unit 18）（定语后置）届时，帐篷连营，人马喧腾，歌舞相杂，十分热闹。 （Unit 20）（语序和结构都有调整）在黄龙附近的林区，还栖息着大熊猫、扭角羚、虹雉等珍贵动物。 （Unit 20）（句式改变造成局部语序调整）我保证，2008年奥运会需要的任何帮助，政府都会提供。 （Unit 22）（语义中心前置）在过去20年改革开放的过程中，中国已经成为世界上经济增长最快的国家之一。 （Unit 22）（语义中心前置，状语后置）我如今年过八十，还没有接触过易经，说来惭愧。 （Unit 24）（并列的谓语移到句首，要进行语义中心的分析）当弄清情况以后，这位在大街上有着无上威严和魄力的指挥官却不知道该怎样指挥了。他急出了一头汗。 （Unit 26）（两句合并，后句移到句首做主语）灰鸽在街道和新楼上空盘旋，渐渐升高。 （Unit 26）（句尾的方式状语移到句首）现在是袁世凯死后，帝国主义指使中国军阀进行割据，时时发动内战的时候。 （Unit 28）前置定语后置）因为修理门面，茶馆停了几天营业，预备明天开张 。 （Unit 28）（语义中心前置）由著作权人承担出版经费的，不适用著作权法第二十九条、第三十条、第三十一条、第三十三条的规定。 （Unit 30）（倒序翻译）著作权法第三十六条第（一）、（二）项权利的保护期不受时间限制。 （Unit 30）（倒序翻译）6
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