电大【西方经济学】形成性考核册业 答案小抄参考

电大【西方经济学】形成性考核册作业答案作业1一填空题1 资源配置 2 决策机制，协调机制 3 资源配置，资源利用 4 价值判断 5 反，同6 替代，收入 7 供给量，供给 8 同 9 价格 10 富有 11 全补 12 富有 13 消费者14 边际效用，无差异曲线 15 消费者均衡 16 消费者联系17 投入生产要素与产量，成本与收益18 机会主义行为 19 边际产量递减 20 平均产量 21 收益递增 22 扩张二选择题DDACC CACBD BCDBB三判断题对 对 错 错 对 错 错 错 对 错 对对 错 对 错四计算题1，均衡价格是商品供给（S）与需求（D）相等时的价格所以：D=S 即 3503P= 250+5P均衡价格：P=75此时的均衡数量为D=S=1252，根据需求价格弹性公式 Ed(Q/Q)/( P/P ) 销售增与率为：Q/Q= Ed( P/P )=2.425%=60% 因此该商品价格下降25%后，降价前后的收益变化为： 1.20（1-25%）800（1+60%）1.20800=1152960=192 降价后总收益增加了192元3，（教材88页）五问答题1，春节期间，铁路运输要求大于供给，管理部门又往往采取价格上限的措施，从而需求大于供给的矛盾进一步加剧，价格会有较大的上涨空间。 如果放开限制，票价完全由市场来决定，必定使票价上涨过高，只能满足部分高收入者的需求，损害广大弱势群体的利益，造成社会福利损失，如果严格限制票价，供给远小于需求，为黑市交易造成条件，管理成本太大。 为切实管理好铁路运输，必须同时从需求、供给和市场三个方面入手加强管理，（1）努力缓解春运期间的需求压力，如采取提前订票，返乡时间错峰、加大其它交通工具运力。（2）努力增加春运铁路运力，如增开班次，临时加开车。（3）加强市场监督，严厉打击票贩子。2，（1）农产品的需求是缺乏弹性的，因此当某种商品缺乏弹性时，则价格与总收益成同方向变动，即价格上升，总收益增加；价格下降，总收益减少，所以对农产品应采取提价办法。（2）数码摄像机的需求量是具有弹性的。则价格与总收益反向变动，即价格上升，总收益减少；价格下降，总收益增加。所以高档消费品应采取降价办法。3，消费者愿意支付的价格取决于他的这种价格所获得的物品所能带来的效用大小，故消费者愿意付出的价格与所获得的效用同方向变化。随着消费者购买某种物品数量的增加，带给消费者的边际效用是递减的，而货币的边际效用不变，故消费者愿意支付的价格随物品数量的增加而减少。作业2一填空题1 经济成本 2 总成本量 3 收支相抵，停止营业 4 小于，大于 5 边际收益等于边际成本6 行业的市场集中程度，行业的进入限制，产品差别 7 等于，大于 8 制造者，接交者 9 产品差别 10 博弈 11 生产要素的边际收益 12 向右下方倾斜，反方向 13 资本的净生产力 14 生产要素的所有者获得的超过他们所希望得到的市场收入 15 其数额远远高于一般劳动所得到的工资 16 税收相等，社会福利政策 17 非排他性和非竞争性 18 主体 19 边际成本主价，平均成本主价 20 道德危险 21，政府失灵二选择题CBCAC CBCCD DCCAA三判断题对 对错对 错 错 对 错 对 错 错 对 错 错 错四计算题1. 1 120 180 60 120 60 180 60 2 120 200 80 60 40 100 20 3 120 210 90 40 30 70 10 4 120 225 105 30 26 56 15 5 120 260 140 24 28 52 35 6 120 330 210 20 35 55 702.（1）R（A1+A2+A3+A4）/T=（15%+12%+10%+9%）/100%=46% (2) HH152+122+102+92+82+72+62+52+42+32=7493.当家教未来预期收入为500元 当推销员未来预期收入为 30000.1+20000.4+10000.4+00.4=1500五问答题1.这种说法不正确。 一方面完全竞争市场形成的条件是企业数量多，而且每家企业规模小，价格由整个市场供求决定，企业是价格的接受者。另一方面，家电市场各厂商的竞争，比如价格、广告、售后服务、产品外包装设计等，都是在垄断竞争市场上采用产品差别竞争所采用的办法。 因此家电行业应该是垄断竞争的行业。2.向后弯曲的劳动力供给曲线是指起先随着工资上升，劳动供给增加，当工资上升到一定程度后随着工资上升，劳动供给减少的劳动供给曲线。还可用劳动供给取决于工资变动所引起的替代效应和收入效应来解释。 随着工资的增加，由于替代效应的作用，从而劳动供给增加，同时，随着工资的增加，由于收入效应的作用，从而劳动供给减少。当替代效应大于收入效应时，劳动供给随工资增加而增加，当收入效应大于替代效应时，劳动供给随工资增加而减少。 一般规律是，当工资较低时，替代效应大于收入效应，当工资达到某个较高水平时，收入效应大于替代效应，因此劳动供给曲线是一条向后弯曲的供给曲线。3.市场失灵产生的主要原因是存在公共物品、外部性和垄断。解决市场失灵的方法是政府干预。对于公共物品中的纯公共物品由政府来提供，可转变为私人物品的公共物品由市场提供。作业3一填空题1 支出法，收入法 2 NDP 3 按当年价格计算的国内生产总值 4 通货膨胀 5 自然，周期性 6 资源，技术进步 7 资本产量比率 8 技术进步 9 货币量增加 10 正常的劳动力流动 11 高于市场均衡工资 12 右下方 13 财产 14 同方向 15 减少，下降 16 1，1 17 收入与消费相等，总支出与总供给相等 18 收入的现值 19 产量变动率 20 减少，减少 21 越小 22 总支出二选择题ACABB DDCBA DCBD三判断题错 对 对对 对 错 对 错 错 对 错错 对 错 对四计算题1，个人消费支出（C）:（1）购买汽车、彩电等耐用消费品支出1000亿元（2）购买食品、服装等非耐用消费品支出2000亿元（3）雇佣保姆和家庭教师支出200亿元私人国内总投资（I）：（4）企业投资支出（包括厂房和设备）2000亿元（7）企业存货净变动额（1000亿元-1500亿元）政府购买支出（G）（8）各级政府为教育和社会保障支出2000亿元（9）中央政府国防与外交支出500亿元净出口(NX) 出口：出口产品收入1500亿元 进口: 进口产品收入1000亿元GDP=C+I+G+NX =(1000亿+2000亿+200亿)+2000亿+（1000亿1500亿）+（2000亿+500亿）+（1500亿1000亿） =3200亿+1500亿+2500亿+500亿 =7700亿2.物价指数是衡量物价总水平变动情况的指数，物价指数上升了多少，表示通货膨胀率为多少。从1997年1998年物价指数上升了（136128）/128=0.0625那么1998年通货膨胀率为6.25%五问答题1，教材265页2，教材299页3，教材286页作业4一填空题1 20%，5000 2 简单货币平数，货币平数 3 公开市场活动 4 右上方 5 自然，周期性 7 15%8 周期性，需求拉上 9 利润推动 10 失业与通货膨胀 11 繁荣，需求 12 需求管理政策，供给管理政策 13 政府支出与税收 14 中央银行，中央银行以外的其他人 15 货币供给量 16 要不要国家干预 17 出口小于进口 18 国内支出 19 左下方，减少，改善 20 自由浮动与管理浮动 21 溢出效应，四波效应二选择题DCDCC CCACA BBBCA三判断题 对错 错 错 错 对 对 对 对 对 错 错 对 对 错四计算题1. （1）M代表货币供给两。H代表基础货币，二者之间的比例就是货币乘数，用mm表示 那么mm=M/H=5000/2000=2.5(2)当存款中有1000亿元作为现金时，现金-存款率(cu)=1000/5000=0.2 即 mm=M/H=Cu+1/cu+r=0.2+1/0.2+0.1=42.凯思斯主义认为货币量可以调节利率，债券价格与债券收益大小成正比，与利率的高 低成反比。即，债券价格=债券收益/利率，那么当某种债券收益为100元，债券价格分别为900元、1000元、1100元时，对应的利率分别是11%，10%，9%。3.国内总需求增加所引起的国内生产总值增加量取决于乘数的大小，但开放经济中的乘数要考虑到进口增加在国内生产总值增加中所占的比例。开放经济中的对外贸易乘数=1/1边际消费倾向+边际进口倾向那么K=1/10.6+0.2=5/3即当该国总需求增加100亿元时，国内生产总值的增量可以通过公式Y=KAE计算为167亿元五问答题1，教材339页2，教材383页3，教材405页Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnleys effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight.But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011.Id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said Williams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA. Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester.Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by Englands Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos focus in their games since then.They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. Theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday.The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence.They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.