仪表飞行员地面课程Lesson11课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,Sierra Academy of,Aeronautics IR Ground,Lesson 11,Sierra Academy of Aeronautics,TERPS(Terminal Instrument,Approach Procedures):,?,Guidelines for establishing safe,procedures to descend from the,enroute segment and altitudes to a,relatively low altitude near a runway at,your destination,TERPS(Terminal Instrument App,Two general types of published,instrument approaches:,1.,2.,Precision:,ILS,MLS,PAR,and GPS(?),Nonprecision:,VOR,NDB,Localizer,ASR,and GPS,Two general types of published,Precision,Nonprecision,PrecisionNonprecision,Segments of an instrument,approach procedure(IAP):,1.,2.,3.,4.,Initial,Intermediate,Final,Missed,Approach,Segments of an instrument appr,Segments of an instrument,approach procedure(IAP):,Segments of an instrument appr,Feeder(or transition)Routes:,?,Not an approach segment but provides,a link between the enroute and,approach structures.When shown,provides the course to be flown with,published distance and minimum,altitude.,Feeder(or transition)Routes:,Feeder(or transition)Routes:,Feeder(or transition)Routes:,Initial approach segment:,Purpose is to provide a method for aligning,your airplane with the approach course.This,is accomplished by using:,1.,2.,3.,4.,Holding Pattern,DME Arc,Procedure Turn,Route which intersects final approach,Begins at the initial approach fix(IAF)and,usually ends where it joins the intermediate,approach segment,Initial approach segment:Purpo,Course Reversal through,?,Holding Pattern,Course Reversal through?Holdi,Course Reversal through,?,DME Arc,Course Reversal through?DME A,Course Reversal through,?,Procedure Turn,Course Reversal through?Proce,Course Reversal through,?,Route which intersects final approach course,Course Reversal through?Route,Course Reversal through,?,Teardrop Procedure,Course Reversal through?Teard,Intermediate Approach Segment:,?,?,?,Primarily to position your aircraft for the,final descent to the airport.,Allows for final airspeed reduction,completion of checklists,and final review,of approach procedures.,Begins at the intermediate fix(IF),and,ends at the beginning of the final,approach segment.,Intermediate Approach Segment:,Intermediate Approach Segments:,(cont.),?,?,If no IF,the intermediate segment begins,when you are proceeding inbound to the,final approach fix(FAF)and aligned with,the final approach course within the,prescribed distance from the FAF,Not all approaches have an intermediate,approach segment,Intermediate Approach Segments,Example of intermediate,approach segment:,Example of intermediate approa,Example of no intermediate,approach segment:,Example of no intermediate app,Final Approach Segment:,?,?,Allows safe navigation to a point that,may permit a safe descent to a landing.,For precision approaches,begins where,glide slope is intercepted at the,minimum glide slope intercept altitude.,Final Approach Segment:?Allow,Final Approach Segment:,(cont.),?,?,?,For nonprecision approaches,begins,either at the FAF or a point where,aligned with the final approach course.,Final approach segment ends at,designated missed approach point,(MAP),or upon landing.,MDA vs.DH(or DA),Final Approach Segment:(cont.,Example of,Final,Approach,Segment,Example of Final Approach Segm,Missed Approach Segment:,?,?,Allows safe navigation from MAP to a,point where another approach can be,attempted or a safe diversion to,alternate airport is made.,Begins at MAP and ends at a,designated navaid or published fix.,Missed Approach Segment:?Allo,Missed Approach Segment:,(cont.),?,?,For precision approaches,the MAP is,reaching the DA on the glide slope.,For nonprecision approaches,MAP,occurs at a navaid,published fix,or after,specified elapsed time from the FAF,Missed Approach Segment:(cont,Example of,Missed,Approach,Segment,Example of Missed Approach Seg,Chart Layout,?,Jeppesen and NOS charts differ in how,and where information depicted.,Both publishers have made recent,improvements in chart layout to ease,“briefing”the procedure.,?,Chart Layout?Jeppesen and NOS,仪表飞行员地面课程Lesson11课件,仪表飞行员地面课程Lesson11课件,Chart Layout,?,Heading Section:,Procedure name indicates type of approach,system used,minimum equipment required,and runway served when straight-in landing,procedure exists.,Procedure amendment number and date,are used to verify latest procedure update.,ILS RWY 12R.Amdt 20B 01155,Chart Layout?Heading Section:,Plan View:,?,?,?,?,Displays“birds eye”view of entire,approach.,Shows only limited terrain and,obstruction information.(Highest,obstruction in bold on NOS charts),Reference points less then 400 AGL,are usually not depicted.,Scale,Enroute,and Feeder Rings,Plan View:?Displays“birds,Plan View:,(cont.),?,?,?,?,Minimum Safe Altitude(MSA)provides,1,000 of obstruction clearance within 25,NM of the indicated facility.There may be,as many as four sectors.Does not,guarantee navigation or communication!,Only used for emergencies or VFR,operations.,Segments and Feeder Routes,Course Re