Selected-Readings-in-Eng教学讲解课件

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,英美文学精粹赏析,Selected Readings In English and American Literature,American Modernism,Modernism is a cultural movement that generally includes the progressive art and architecture, design, literature, music, dance, painting and other visual arts which emerged in the beginning of the 20th century , particularly in the years following World War I. It was a movement of artists and designers who rebelled against late 19th century academic and historicist tradition, and embraced the new economic, social and political aspects of the emerging modern world.,Modernism in literature is not easily summarized, but the key elements are experimentation, anti-realism, individualism and a stress on the cerebral rather than emotive aspects.,The work of Modernist writers is characterized by showing the disenchantment, dislocation, and alienation of men in the world, and by the emphasis on experimentation and formalism and objectivism which are, in most cases, a reaction to the cataclysm known as the Modern Age.,The Schools of American Modernism,Modern poetry: experiments in form (Imagism),Prose Writing: modern realism (the Lost Generation),Novels of Social Awareness,The Harlem Renaissance,The Fugitives and New Criticism,The 20th Century American Drama,Imagism,It is a Movement in U.S. and English poetry characterized by the use of concrete language and figures of speech, modern subject matter, metrical freedom, and avoidance of romantic or mystical themes, aiming at clarity of expression through the use of precise visual images.,The Imagist manifesto came out in 1912 showed three Imagist poetic principles: direct treatment of the,“,thing,”,（,no fuss, frill, or ornament,）, exclusion of superfluous words,（,precision and economy of expression,）, the rhythm of the musical phrase rather than the sequence of a metronome,（,free verse form and music,）,.,T,he Jazz Age,The First World War stands as a great dividing line between the 19th century and contemporary America.,Lost Generation appeared.,A group of new dramatists emerged: Eugene O,Neil.,T,he Great Depression,In 1929, the Wall Street stock market crash ushered in a worldwide financial crisis.,Nation after nation fell victim to:,Industrial decline,Bank failures,Deflated prices and profits,Commercial stagnation,The United States launched the New Deal with its objectives of:,Relief,Recovery,Reform,Ezra Pound 1885 - 1972,I. Life,Ezra Pound was born in Idaho and raised in Pennsylvania.,In 1908 he moved to Europe, living first in Venice but eventually settling in London.,Pound self-published A Lume Spento, his first published collection of short poems, while living in Venice.,In the years before the World War I, Pound was largely responsible for the appearance of Imagism, and coined the name of the movement Vorticism.,Pound was confined for 12 years in a hospital (actually prison) for the criminally insane in Washington.,During this time he translated works of ancient Greek and ancient Chinese literature .,While in prison ,he was awarded a prestigious poetry prize in 1949 for his last Cantos.,In 1958 he returned to Italy,where he continued to write and make translations until he died in 1972.,II. Education,In 1901 at the age of 15, he entered the University of Pennsylvania and two years later, transferred to Hamilton College.,III.,Literary Achievement,1908 Pound travelled widely in Europe, working as a journalist and published his first book of poetry, A Lume Spento, in Venice.,1912 appointed himself foreign editor of Poetry and in this capacity was able to discover struggling talents like Robert Frost, and T.S. Eliot.,19,1,3 became the literary executor of Ernest Fenollosa, and began his fruitful study of the Chinese language and ancient Chinese culture.,1915 finished his volume of Chinese translation, Cathay, and began to work on his Cantos.,After the publication of Homage to Sextus Propertius and Hugh Selwyn Mauberley, he moved first to Paris where he assisted young American writers like Hemingway, and then settled in Rapallo, Italy, to work on his Cantos.,He completed his translation of a Chinese classic, The Classic Anthology Defined by Confucius.,V. Selected readings,In a Station of the Metro,The poem,is an Imagist poem by Ezra Pound published in 1913 in Poetry. The poem attempts to describe Pounds experience upon visiting an underground metro station in Paris in 1912, and Pound suggested that the faces of the individuals in the metro were best put into a poem not with a description but with an equation. Because of the treatment of the subjects appearance by way of the poems own visuality, it is considered a quintessential Imagist text.,Robert Lee Frost,1874-1963,I. Life,Frost is an important poet in the 20th century .He won the Pulitzer Prize four times and read poetry at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy in 1961.,He spent his early childhood in the Far West and later the family moved to New Hampshire. He went to Harvard but left in the middle because of his tuberculosis. When he was 28, he began to venture on writing.,II.,Major Works,His first book A Boys Will (1913), whose lyrics trace a boys development from self-centered idealism to maturity, is marked by an intense but restrained emotion and the characteristic flavor of New Eng1and life.,His second book, a volume of poems North of Boston (1914), is described by the author as a book of people, which shows a brilliant insight into New England character and the background that formed it.,Many of his major poems are collected in this volume, such as Mending the Wall and Home Burial ,Mountain Interval (1916) contains such characteristic poems as “The Road Not Taken,” “Birches”. New Hampshire (1923) that won Frost the first of four Pulitzer Prizes includes Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.,III.,Theme,Frost is considered a regional poet whose subject matters mainly focus on the landscape and people in New England.,Frost wrote many poems that investigate the basic themes of mans life: the individuals relationships to himself, to his fellow-man, to world, and to his God.,IV. Selected Readings,The Road Not Taken,This poem seems to be about the poet, walking in the woods in autumn, hesitating for a long time and wondering which road he should take since they are both pretty. In reality, this is a meditative poem symbolically written. It concerns the important decisions which one must take in the course of life, when one must give up one desirable thing in order to possess another. Then, whatever the outcome, one must accept the consequences of ones choice for it is not possible to go back and have another chance to choose differently.,Eugene Glastone,ONeill,1888-1953,I. Life,Birthplace: Broadway, New York City,Family Background: his father,a famous actor,Childhood experience: travelling with his father,s theatre,Education: private school when young; Princeton Uni. for one year; Baker,s drama class at Havard.,I. Life,Working Experiences: sailor, sailing overseas; gold prospector at Honduras; theatre manager.,Illness: T. B. at 24; sick from mid 1930s to mid 1940s.,Awards: 3 Pulitzer Prizes; Nobel Prize for Literature in 1936.,Literary linkage: influenced by fatalism of Greek Tragedies, the determinism by heredity and environment of Ibsen, Freudianism.,II.,Literary Achievements,ONeill was no doubt the greatest American dramatist of the first half of the 20,th,century.,He was the first playwright to explore serious themes in the theater and to carry out his continual, vigorous, courageous experiments with theatrical conventions.,His plays have been translated and staged all over the world.,Three Pulitzer Prizes(1920, 1922, 1928) and the Noble Prize in 1936 show his achievement and influence at home and abroad.,As the nation,s first important playwright with forty nine published plays, he did a great deal to establish the modes of the modern theatre in the country.,With him American drama developed into a form of literature and in him American drama came of age.,I,II,. Selected Readings,The Hairy Ape,The play tells the story of a brutish, unthinking laborer known as Yank, as he searches for a sense of belonging in a world controlled by the rich. At first Yank feels secure as he stokes the engines of an oceanliner, and is highly confident in his physical power over the ships engines. However, when the weak but rich daughter of an in Yank undergoes a crisis of identity. He leaves the ship and wanders into Manhattan, only to find he does not belong anydustrialist in the steel business refers to him as a filthy beast,whereneither with the socialites on Fifth Avenue, nor with the labor organizers on the waterfront. Finally he is reduced to seeking a kindred being with the gorilla in the zoo and dies in the animals embrace,.,Modern man loses his sense of belonging under technological progress. Humanity is in a predicament by creating a world he does not belong to.,F. Scott Fitzgerald 1896,1940,I. Life,Francis Scott Fitzgerald was born in St.Paul, Minnesota,on September 24, 1896, the only son of an unsuccessful upper class father and an energetic mother of an Irish background.His family was socially prominent and genteelly poor.He became interested in writing at middle school. During he studied at Princeton University, he was also eager to write articles for the publication and drama,s group of school. In 1917, he discontinued his studies and joined the army. There, he began to write his novels.,In 1918, Fitzgerald met the,“,golden girl,”, Zelda Sayre, in Montgomery Alabama. After Fitzgerald published his first novel and got great success, Zelda and he married in New Yorks St Patricks Cathedral one week later. Zelda impact his whole life, because many heroines came from Zelda in his novels.,Fitzgerald had been an alcoholic since his college days, and became notorious during the 1920s for his extraordinarily heavy drinking, leaving him in poor health by the late 1930s. Fitzgerald had died of a massive heart attack finally.,II. Literary Career,He was an American author of novels and short stories, whose works were the paradigm writings of the Jazz Age, a term he coined himself. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century. Fitzgerald is considered a member of the Lost Generation of the 1920s.,He was also one of American famous writers. In 1922, his novel named Beautiful and the Damned was made into a film. Entering the 1930s, he was in Hollywood as a screenwriter. He had created and adapted films such as Gone with the Wind and Last Time I Saw Paris.,II. Literary Career,He was an American author of novels and short stories, whose works were the paradigm writings of the Jazz Age, a term he coined himself. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century. Fitzgerald is considered a member of the Lost Generation of the 1920s.,He was also one of American famous writers. In 1922, his novel named Beautiful and the Damned was made into a film. Entering the 1930s, he was in Hollywood as a screenwriter. He had created and adapted films such as Gone with the Wind and Last Time I Saw Paris.,III. Main Works,This Side of Paradise (1920),The Beautiful and Damned (1922),Tales of the Age(1922),The Great Gatsby (1925),Tender is the Night (1934),The Last of Tycoon (unfinished),IV. Selected Readings,The Great Gatsby,It is arguably Fitzgeralds finest work and certainly the book for which he is best known. A portrait of the Jazz Age in all of its decadence and excess, Gatsby captured the spirit of the authors generation and earned itself a permanent place in American mythology. Self-made, self-invented millionaire Jay Gatsby embodies some of Fitzgeralds-and his countrys-most abiding obsessions: money, ambition, greed and the promise of new beginnings.,The Great Gatsby is the presentation of the 1920s, and of what has become known as the American Dream. Gatsby is the last of the romantic heroes, whose energy and sense of commitment takes him in search of his personal grail; Gatsbys failure magnifies to a great extent the end of the American Dream. However,，,hope and expectation still exist as shown by the central symbol in the novel: the green light.,Ernest Hemingway 1899-1961,I. Life,He was born in Oak Park, Illinois. Hemingway loved sports and often went hunting and fishing with his father, which provided him with writing materials. After high school, he worked as a reporter. During World War I he served as an honorable junior officer in the American Red Cross Ambulance Corps and in 1918 was severely wounded in both legs.,I. Life,After the war, he went to Paris as a foreign reporter. Influenced and guided by Sherwood Anderson, Stephen Crane and Gertrude Stein he became a writer and began to attract attention.,Hemingway was married four times. He,spent time in Key West, Florida, Spain, and Africa after 1927.,He was a war correspondent from 1936-1939 during the Spanish Civil War.,After the war, Hemingway moved to Havana, Cuba, and in 1958 moved to Idaho.,In 1961, Hemingway shot himself with gun in his home.,II. Academic Achievements,Spokesman of Lost Generation,When WWI broke out, many young Americans volunteered to take part in the war with the wish to end all wars. But the harsh reality made them aware that war was that glorious or heroic as they thought to be. Hemingway recorded the life of those physically and mentally wounded soldiers, revealed the frustration, loneliness and disillusionment of modern people .,Hemingway Code Hero,Hemingway,s heroes display Hemingway values: they have seen the cold world and they boldly and courageously face the reality; whatever the result, they are ready to live with grace under pressure.,II. Academic Achievements,Grace under pressure,“Grace under Pressure” is an outstanding virtue of Hemingways heroes, which best sums up his philosophical attitude toward life. Almost all his heroes are “soldier” either in a narrow or broad sense. They are out there to fight against nature or the world. No matter where the battleground is and how tragic the ending is, they will never be defeated.,Iceberg theory,Hemingway believes that a good writer does not need to reveal every detail of a character or action; the 1/8 that is presented will suggest all other meaningful dimension of the story.,III. Major Works,The Torrents of Spring (1926),The Sun Also Rises (1926),A Farewell to Arms (1929),To Have and Have Not (1937),For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940),Across the River and into the Trees (1950),The Old Man and the Sea (1952),Islands in the Stream (1970),The Garden of Eden (1986, posthumous),True at First Light (1999, posthumous),2024/11/28,III. Major Works,The Old Man and the Sea,It was written in 1951,and,published in 1952.It was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953,and,the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954.,The novel,was the last major work of fiction to be produced by Hemingway and produced in his lifetime.,IV. Selected Readings,A Clean Well-lighted Place,N,o God, no meaning to this world, and man must consequently find something to distract himself from this horrible truth,.,For the older waiter: a clean, well-lighted caf as an escape,an artificial light made by ma,n;,for man,the only way to step out of the darkness of reality,that life is filled with nothing,meaningful.,Glorified individuals: the veteran waiter and the elderly drinker coping with lifes hardships in a graceful, dignified manner,;,the drunk old man neither rude or unruly, but polite and well behaved,h,ardships in his life (suicide/ stays in control of himself,),exhibiting grace under pressure,.,Such grace, Hemingway asserts, should be the goal of every individual.,William Faulkner 1897-1962,I. Life & Career,Life in the South: Oxford, Miss., model of his fictional Jefferson, Yoknapatawpha county, his family members prototypes for his fictional characters.,Two influential figures: Philip Stone, Sherwood Anderson,1925, first novel published, Soldiers Pay,1929, two novels: Sartoris, The Sound and the Fury,1929-1942, most productive: 2 short-story collections, a volume of poetry, 11 novels,Early 1940s, forgotten by the public,1945, a second rise to fame, higher than the first,1950, Nobel Prize for Lit.,II. Major Works,19 novels and 4 volumes of short stories (75), two volumes of poetry.,The Sound and The Fury (1929),As I Lay Dying (1930),Sanctuary (1931),Light in August (1932),Absalom, Absalom (1936),Go Down, Moses (1942),II. Major Works,The Yoknapatawpha saga-the rise and fall of southern aristocratic families: the Compsons, the Sartorises, The Sutpens, the McCaslins, the Snopeses.,Trilogy of the Snopes family,The Hamlet (1940),The Town (1957),The Mansion (1959),Short Story collection:,The Unvanquished (1938),III. Narrative Technique,Withdrawal of the author as a controlling narrator,Dislocation of the narrative time,The modern stream-of-consciousness technique and the interior monologue,Multiple points of view,symbolism and mythological and biblical allusions,IV. Selected Readings,A Rose for Emily,A Rose for Emily is Faulkners first short story published in 1930. Set in the town of Jefferson in Yoknapatawpha, the story expresses Faulkners theme of the confrontation of the old South and the civilized modern society.,Emily is in collision with the industrialized and mechanized society by clinging to the past and alienating herself from the modern society, which makes her a tragic victim.As a descendent of the Southern aristocracy, Emily Grierson is typical of those in Faulkners Yoknapatawpha stories that are symbols of the old South but also the prisoners of the past.,