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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,语法互动(九),非谓语动词,中考考点,1.,动词不定式的用法。,2.,动名词的用法。,3.,现在分词或过去分词的用法。,语法互动(九),非谓语动词,不定式有两种，即带,to,的不定式,(to,动词原形,),和不带,to,的不定式。注意：它没有人称和数的变化。,1,作主语,常用,it,作形式主语，而将真正的主语,(,动词不定式,),置于句末。,常用句型结构为,“Its,adj./n.,(for/of sb.),to do,sth,.”,。,To ask the teacher for help is necessary.,It is necessary to ask the teacher for help.,向老师寻求帮助是必要的。,考点一,动词不定式,语法互动(九),非谓语动词,2,作宾语,(1),后接不定式作宾语的动词有,want,try,decide,hope,need,wish,agree,expect,refuse,learn,remember,forget,would like/love,等。,I hope _ there before dark.,我希望天黑以前到那儿。,(2),在,think,find,make,等动词后通常用,it,作形式宾语，而将不定式移至形容词之后，构成,“,主语谓语,it(,形式宾语,),宾补,(,形容词,/,名词,),不定式,”,结构。,I found it difficult to solve the problem.,我发现解决这个问题很难。,to get,语法互动(九),非谓语动词,3,作宾语补足语,(1),后面能接带,to,的不定式作宾补的动词有,tell,ask,allow,want,help,wish,teach,warn,invite,would like,encourage,等。,The teacher told us _ Exercise 1.,老师告诉我们做练习一。,(2),使役动词,let,make,have,和感官动词,see,，,hear,watch,notice,feel,等后要用不带,to,的动词不定式作宾补。但是，当上述动词变为被动语态时，其后的不定式必须补上,to,。,We often hear her sing.,我们经常听见她唱歌。,被动语态：,She is often heard to sing.,to do,语法互动(九),非谓语动词,4,作状语,常见的状语有目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。,Mr.Lee will go to Hangzhou to visit the West Lake.,李先生将会去杭州参观西湖。,(,作目的状语,),5,作定语,动词不定式作定语时，放在被修饰的名词的后面，作后置定语。,I dont have a partner to practice English with.,我没有一个一起练习英语的同伴。,语法互动(九),非谓语动词,6,作表语,Their duty is _the animals.,他们的职责是照看动物。,7.“,疑问词不定式,”,结构,动词不定式可以和,what,which,when,where,how,等疑问词连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。,He doesnt know _.,他不知道要穿什么。,(,作宾语,),提醒,动词不定式的否定结构为,“not to do,sth,.”,。,to look after/take care of,what to wear,语法互动(九),非谓语动词,巧记,接不定式作宾语的动词：,三个希望两答应，两个要求莫拒绝；,设法学会做决定，不要假装在选择。,妙语诠释,三个希望两答应：,hope,wish,want,agree,promise,两个要求莫拒绝：,demand,ask,refuse,设法学会做决定：,manage,learn,decide,不要假装在选择：,pretend,choose,语法互动(九),非谓语动词,动名词由,“,动词原形,ing,”,构成，其与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的性质，也有名词的性质。,1,作主语,Playing computer games too much is bad for your eyes.,过度地玩电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。,动名词作主语和动词不定式作主语，在很多情况下可以通用。,2,作宾语,常接动名词作宾语的动词或短语有,enjoy,finish,consider(,考虑,),miss,keep,mind,practice,suggest,be busy,feel like,give up,cant help,avoid,be used to,be worth,be afraid of,be proud of,be interested in,cant stop,keep/stopfrom,look forward to,put off,have fun,等。,考点二,动名词,语法互动(九),非谓语动词,Have you finished _ the book?,你读完这本书了吗？,3,作表语,The nurses job is _the patients.,护士的工作是照顾病人。,4,作定语,I often go to the _,我经常去阅览室。,looking after/taking care of,reading room,reading,语法互动(九),非谓语动词,提醒,有些词后既可接不定式又可接,v.,-,ing,形式作宾语，但表达的意义不同。常见短语：,(1)stop to do,sth,.,停下来去做另外一件事,(,不定式作目的状语,),stop doing,sth,.,停止做某事,(v.,ing,作宾语,),(2)try to do,sth,.,试图,(,企图,),做某事；尽力做某事,try doing,sth,.,尝试着做某事,(3)forget to do,sth,.,忘记要去做某事,(,还没做,),forget doing,sth,.,忘记做过了某事,(,已做,),(4)remember to do,sth,.,记着要去做某事,(,还没做,),remember doing,sth,.,记得做过了某事,(,已做,),语法互动(九),非谓语动词,(5)go on to do,sth,.,做完一件事后继续做另外一件不同的事,go on doing,sth,.,继续做原来所做的事,(6)sth.need doing(,某事,),需要做,(,被动含义,),need to do,sth,.,需要去做某事,(,主动含义,),语法互动(九),非谓语动词,分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词,(v.,ing,),有主动、进行之意；过去分词,(v.,ed,),有被动、完成之意。,1,作定语,China is a _ country.America is a _ country.,中国是一个发展中国家，美国是一个发达国家。,I know the boy called Li Ming.,我认识那个叫李明的男孩。,2,作表语,The book is interesting.Im interested in it.,这本书很有趣，我对它感兴趣。,考点三,分词,developing,developed,语法互动(九),非谓语动词,3,作宾语补足语,I saw her going upstairs.,我看见她正在上楼。,I want to have some photos taken.,我想拍几张照片。,4,作状语,Laughing and talking,they went into the room.,他们有说有笑地走进了房间。,语法互动(九),非谓语动词,5,现在分词与过去分词的区别,(1),在语态上，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。,the surprising news,令人惊讶的新闻,a surprised look,惊讶的神色,(2),在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。,the developing country,发展中国家,the developed country,发达国家,语法互动(九),非谓语动词,6,易混结构,使役动词,(make,keep,let,have,等,),易混结构的区分。如,have sb.doing,sth,.,与,have,sth,.done,的区别：,(1)have sb.doing,sth,.,意为,“,让某人一直做某事,”,，,doing,这个动作具有持续性。,The teacher had the boys standing all day.,老师让男生们罚站了一整天。,(2)have,sth,.done,意为,“,让某人做某事,”,，相当于,ask sb.to do,sth,.,done,表示让他人完成，有被动之意。,I had my computer repaired yesterday.,昨天我让人修理了我的电脑。,语法互动(九),非谓语动词,用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空,语法互动(九),非谓语动词,1,The kids had,fun_in,the water.,2,Why,not_an,English club to practice English?,3,We,decided_the,Great Wall this summer holiday.,4,To reduce air pollution,wed better ride more often instead of_.,5,She didnt know which sweater_.,visit,swim,join,choose,drive,swimming,join,to visit,driving,to choose,语法互动(九),非谓语动词,.,单项选择,1,Its nice of,you_me,.,A,help,B,to help,C,helping,D,helps,2,I saw some,boys_football,when I passed the playground.,A,played B,plays C,playing D,to play,B,C,解析,see sb.doing,sth,.,意为“看见某人正在做某事”。,语法互动(九),非谓语动词,3Many foreigners come to China _Chinese.,Astudy,Bto,study,Cstudying,Dstudied,4My mother asks me_ on the street,because its too dangerous.,Aplay,Bto,play,Cnot,to play,Dto,not play,5Which dress do you like best,Madam?,Sorry,I cant decide_ now.,Ato,buy which one,Bbuy,which one,Cwhich,one to buy,Dwhich,I should buy it,B,C,C,语法互动(九),非谓语动词,6,The workers are,made_over,eight hours a day.,A,work B,to work C,working D,worked,7,The local government plans to let tourists _ the newly-developed island.,A,visit B,visits C,visiting D,visited,8,It took Jane three hours _ reading this interesting st
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