四级写作讲座

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,大学英语四级讲座,主讲人：欧阳秋艳,大学英语四级考试流程,8,：,509,：,00,试音时间,9,：,009,：,10,播放考场指令，发放作文考卷,9,：,10,取下耳机，开始作文考试,9,：,35,发放含有快速阅读的试题册,(,但,9,：,40,才允许开始做,),9,：,409,：,55,做快速阅读,9,：,5510,：,00,收答题卡一,(,即作文和快速阅读,),9,：,5510,：,00,重新戴上耳机，试音寻台，准备听力考试,10,：,00,开始听力考试，电台开始放音,听力结束后完成剩余考项。,11,：,20,全部考试结束,四级考试试卷分布及要求,Part one,写作,120,词以上 （,30,分钟）,106,分,Part two,快速阅读（,15,分钟）,71,分,Part three,听力理解（,30,分钟）,249,分,Part four,阅读理解（,25,分钟）,178,分,Part five,完形填空或改错,20,个空（,15,分钟）,70,分,Part six,中译英,5,个句子 （,5,分钟）,36,分,四级作文写作（,30,分钟）,写作的评分依据是：切题、条理、语言和字数。所谓切题就是看你写的作文是否跑题。所谓条理是指每一段的议论的正反清楚，说明的几个方面清楚，描述的时间正确。,第一步：审题,议论文、说明文、记叙文,近年来四六级写作所要求的题材往往是这三者的结合体，没有单纯的议论文、说明文或者记叙文。,例如有一次四级写题是这样出的：,Directions:For this part,your are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Trying to Be A Good University Student.You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:,（,1,）做合格大学生的必要性,议论,（,2,）做合格大学生的必备条件（可以德智体等方面谈）,-,说明,（,3,）我打算这样做,记叙,第二步：主题句,主题句是确保不跑题的前提，只有不跑题才有可能得及格分。写主题句最保险的方法就是把各要求句译成英语。例如上述作文的三段主题句分别为：,It is very necessary to be a good university student.,（议论体主题句）,There are several respects of necessities to be a good university student.,（说明体的主题句）,What I will do in the future is the following.,（描述题的主题句）,第三步：条理清楚,对于议论文来说，正反面要清楚。,对于说明文来说，,1,、,2,、,3,条要清楚，,对于描述文要来，谁干什么要清楚。,就拿一篇名为,Good Health,命题文章来说，第一段保持正反面要清楚就应这样写：主题句（,It is very important to have good health.,正面（,With good health,we can.,）,反面,(Without good health,we can do nothing.We cant do.),第二段应当这样写：主题句（,There are four ways to keep fit.,）从几方面说明：,Firstly,we should have our breakfast in the morning.Second,we should have a nap at noon.Third,sports exercises are necessary in the afternoon.And fourth,we could have a pleasant feeling in the evening by listening to the music.,）,为了使文章更具关于条理性，我们可以用,first(ly,),second(ly,),third(ly,),等副词，他们可以使文章的条理性十分突出。作文是主观性题，要想得高分我们必须把评卷老师考虑进去。评卷老师的时间很短（每份卷子的作文只有一两分钟就要阅完），所以我们在列条条时最好不用：,To begin with,.After that,.And then,.The next,.The following,.At last.,。因为用这样的词语不利于阅卷老师看出你作文的条理性。,第三段应当这样写：主题句（,My own practices are the following.,）具体情况（主语为第一人称代词,I,，与第二段呼应）,In the morning,I have my breakfast.At noon,I have a nap.And in the afternoon,I always play football.In the evening,I usually listen to the classic music.,综上所述，如果我们按以上几节的方法去做，就可以保证及格以上分数。,文章的基本结构,大学英语作文通常由三个段落组成。一篇文章基本上头、尾段短，中间段长。文章的开头虽短，但举足轻重，是文章成败的关键。开始段,(Opening Paragraph),的目的在于提示主题，即引出文章要讨论的核心问题，从而起到统领全文的作用。因此，开始段要达到两个目的：一是抓住读者的兴趣及注意力,;,二是陈述文章主题、介绍相关背景并引导正文内容。,文章的开篇方法多种多样，大家必须根据文章的题材、体裁、读者等来加以选择。这里介绍四种常用的开篇方法：,1),开门见山,直入主题开始段可用简洁的语言直陈主题思想，既可以吸引读者的注意力，又可以避免跑题。例如：主题：,Euthanasia(,安乐死,),It has been said that euthanasia is quietly being practiced in some urban areas of China,despite a lack of legal protection for the death option.In my opinion,it is right to exercise mercy killing.,该段第一句引入安乐死这一讨论的主题，第二句接着直接陈述作者对安乐死的看法。从这个开始段不难看出，全文将阐述“为什么实行安乐死是对的”。,2),以问句形式开头,点明主题文章的开头还可用设问的方式点明主题，提示全文内容，激发读者读下去，探个究竟。例如：主题：,Water Shortage,China,a country blessed with a great number of rivers,has abundant water resources.However,Chinas many cities are going,thirsty.What,has caused the shortage?,本段第一句说中国水资源丰富，第二句指出中国许多城市却缺水，第三句提出了读者心中的疑问：是什么原因导致缺水呢,?,从而激发读者的兴趣，吸引读者读下去，寻找问题的答案。,3),引用名言、谚语，点明主题,由于谚语一般已经被大家所接受，用谚语提出自己的观点也容易被读者所接受。,As the saying goes,Money makes the mare go,but there are many things we cant buy with money,such as time and true love.,4,）定义法定义法是通过对文章中的关键词做一些简单或正面或反面的解释，限定其范围，这样比较有利于引出主题。,Practice makes perfect is an old saying.It tells us that it does not matter if we are clumsy at doing something.As long as we keep on trying and practicing,we will do a good job in the end.,常用,与,开头的短语、句式,(1)With the（rapidly）growing popularity of,（computers,/private cars/,our lives has been considerably changed）in China，the quality of,（2）With the（rapid）growth of（our economy/population)，many problems such as（water shortages/waste of energy/lack of professionals and chaotic management）are begging to surface,（,3,）,With the development of,（,science and technology/market economy,），,more and more/an increasing number of people come to realize that,（,4,）,Currently there is a widespread/serious concern over(illegal publication/drug abuse/negative influence of western cultures).,（,5,）,Nowadays,a heated debated/discussion aboutis under way in China.some people believe that,whereas others argue that,（,6,）,There are some reasons for owning(private cars/personal computers).To begin with,Next,Last,There are,on the other hand,many reasons against it,First,Second,Finally,（,7,）,There are many advantages and,dis,-advantages in(owning a car).,（,8,）,There are various/at least three ways/possible techniques/problems/methods to do something,（9）Smoking/Alcoholic beverage should be banned from college campuses for toe reasons.The first reason is that The second reason is that/On the one hand,On the other hand,(10）The possible solutions of(the energy crisis/water shortages/these social problems)depend on three factors,（11）The two major reasons responsible for(the rapid economic growt