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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Subject-verb Concord,1. Two hours _ enough for me to finish the work.,2. Clothing,_,badly needed in this flooded area.,3. “News of victories _ (keep) pouring in as our army advances.” he said.,4.,Great Expectations,_,written by Charles Dickens in 1860.,5. The police,_,looking for the missing child.,is,is,keeps,was,are,6. His family,_,a great one.,7. His family,_,all music lovers.,8. Not every means,_,useful.,9. Not all means,_,useful.,10. It was late, but the audience,_,increasing.,11. The audience,_,all moved to tears.,is,is,are,are,was,were,Problems of concord with nouns ending ins,Disease and game names: singular,Diseases: arthritis, bronchitis, rickets, mumps, diabetes,Exceptions:,measles, rickets: either singular or plural,Games: darts, marbles,Exception:,cards: plural,But,when darts and marbles are used to refer to the physical objects, they are plural nouns.,eg. Marbles vary in kind and quality.,Problems of concord with nouns ending ins,2. Subject names ending in ics: singular,physics, mathematics, mechanics, optics, acoustics, politics, statistics, economics, linguistics, athletics, tactics,But,some such nouns are treated as plural when used in other senses than subject names.,eg:,Economics is a required course for all the students.,The economics of the project is still being considered.,Problems of concord with nouns ending ins,3. Geographical names: plural,the names of archipelagos, mountain ranges, straits and falls,eg:,The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant and animal life.,Exceptions:,country names are treated as singular,eg: the United States, the Netherlands,Problems of concord with nouns ending ins,4. Other nouns ending in s,1) Names for things made of two parts: plural,scissors, pincers, glasses, shorts, trousers, suspenders, tongs, pliers,But,when they are preceded by such unit nouns as “a pair of” and “two pairs of”, the number form of the following verb is determined by the number marker of the unit noun.,eg:,One pair of scissors isnt enough.,Two pairs of pliers are missing from my tool box.,Problems of concord with nouns ending ins,4. Other nouns ending in s,2) Nouns usually taking plural endings: plural,archives, arms, clothes, contents, eaves, fireworks, goods, minutes, morals, remains, stairs, suburbs, thanks, wages,3) Nouns ending in -ings: plural,clippings, diggings, earnings, filings, lodgings, surroundings, sweepings,Problems of concord with nouns ending ins,4. Other nouns ending in s,4) Nouns whose singular and plural number share the same form. They are treated as plural when used in the plural sense, or vice versa.,barracks, headquarters, means, series, species, works,eg:,A new species of mammal has been found.,Altogether, about 450 species of flatfish are known.,Problems of concord with collective nouns as subject,1. Collective nouns usually used as plural,police, people, militia, cattle, poultry, vermin,2. Collective nouns usually used as singular,foliage, machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise, clothing, jewellery, baggage,3. Collective nouns used either as singular or as plural,audience, committee, class, crew, family, government, public,4. a committee of, etc + plural noun,Problems of concord with a coordinate subject,1. Coordination with “and ” and “bothand”,1) Coordination that is singular in form but plural in concept is treated as plural.,eg:,Good and bad tasted are inculcated by example.,What I say and think are no business of yours.,Problems of concord with a coordinate subject,1. Coordination with “and ” and “bothand”,2) If the noun phrases in a coordination by “and” have “each, every, or many a ” as determiner, its treated as singular.,eg:,Every boy and every girl in this room is entitled to a copy.,Many a man and woman in this community finds himself or herself in need.,Problems of concord with a coordinate subject,3. Subject + as much as etc,If a subject is followed by a noun phrase introduced by “as well as, rather than, more than, no less than”, the predicate verb is determined by the subject itself.,eg:,Some of the workers as much as the manager were responsible for the loss.,His brother rather than his parents is to blame.,Problems of concord with a coordinate subject,4. Subject + as well as etc,If a subject is followed by a noun phrase introduced by “as much as, in addition to, with, along with, together with, except”, the predicate verb is determined by the subject itself.,eg:,The manager with some workers was working during the holidays.,No one except two girls was late for dinner.,
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