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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,FRIENDSHIP,Discussion: What is true friendship,Friendship is the heart of communication, emotional exchanges; it is selfless concern for the valuable trust; it is honest confession, warm encouragement.,Friendship is the co,o,perative and supportive relationship between two or more people. In this sense, the term con,no,tes a,relationship,which involves mutual,knowledge,esteem,尊敬, 敬重,affection,感情,and,respect,along with a degree of rendering service to friends in times of need or crisis.,The biggest and most significant aspect of a friendship, as it gives prospects to learn something out of the very people you spend your maximum time outside the home with. Learning is what keeps adding dimensions,大小, 范围, 规模,to your individu,a,lity,个性, 个人特征,and makes you ready to face the cruel world which demands only the cut above,高.一等, 比.强些,the rest individuals.,Discussion: What is true friendship,True friendship isnt seen with the eyes; its felt with the heart when there is trust, understanding, secrets, loyalty, and sharing.,Friendship is a feeling rarely found in life, but when it is found it has a profound impact on ones well- being,安宁, 幸福,strength, and character.,A true friendship does not need elaborate,精心制作的,gifts or spectacular,引人注目的;,壮观的; 场面富丽的, 蔚为奇观的,events in order to be,valuable or valued.,To ensure long lasting quality and satisfaction, a friendship only needs certain key ingredients: undying loyalty, unmatched understanding, unsurpassed trust, deep and soulful secrets, and endless sharing.,These ingredients, mixed with personality and sense of humor, can make friendship last a lifetime.,Whats your association of friendship(请背下来,重要),friendship,undying,永恒的,loyalty,endless sharing,inexhaustible,用之不竭的,strength,unmatched,无匹敌的,understanding,unsurpassed,未被超越,trust,deep and soulful secrets,imperishable不灭的 love and care,ceaseless,不断的,support,boundless,无限的;无穷的,tolerance,Types of Friendship,Best friend,(or,close friend,),A person(s) with whom someone shares extremely strong interpersonal,人与人之间的, 人际的,ties with as a friend.,Acquaintance,A friend, but sharing of emotional ties isnt present. An example would be a coworker with whom you enjoy eating lunch, but would not look to for,emotional support.,make the acquaintance of sb.结识某人,have some acquaintance with sth.,稍认识,了解,Blood brother,OR,blood sister,: refer to people related by birth, or a circle of friends who swear loyalty by,以的名义起誓,mingling,混合,the blood of each member together.,Comrade,“Ally, friend, or colleague in a military or (usually),left-wing,左派的,左翼的,political connotation,内涵意义,. This is,the feeling of affinity,喜爱 that draws people together in time of war or when people have a mutual enemy or even a common goal.,Spiritual Friendship,The buddhist,佛教的,ideal that is a relationship between friends with a common interest, though one person may have more knowledge and experience than the other. The relationship is the responsibility of both friends and both bring something to it.,Imaginary friend,A non-physical friend created by a child. It may be seen as bad behavior or even taboo,禁忌; 忌讳,(some religious parents even consider their child to be possessed by an evil spirit), but is most commonly regarded as harmless, typical childhood behavior. The friend may or may not be human, and commonly serves a protective purpose,Casual relationship,Or,Friends with benefits,: the sexual or near-sexual and emotional relationship between two people who dont expect or demand to share a formal romantic relationship.,Quotations about friendship,A friend in need is a friend indeed.,患难见真情。/患难之交才是真正的朋友。,A faithful friend is hard to find.,知音难觅。,Life without friend is death.,没有朋友的生活便等于死亡。,Without a friend, the world is wilderness.,没有朋友,世界成了荒野。,A good friend is my nearest relation.,好友即至亲。,A near friend is better than a far dwelling kinsman亲属.,近友胜远亲。,A friend to everybody is a friend to nobody.,和任何人都认朋友,结果和任何人都交不成朋友;友多无好友。,Prosperity makes friends and adversity tries them.,富裕招致朋友,困苦考验朋友。A friend in need is a friend indeed.,患难时的朋友才是真正的朋友。A friend is never known till a man have need.,不到困窘时,永难识真友。,In time of prosperity, friends will be plenty.,走运时候朋友多。,He is a good friend that speaks well of us behind our backs.,背后称我好,才算好朋友。,A hedge树篱, 障碍物between keeps friendship green.,君子之交淡如水。,Friends are like fiddle-strings, they must not be screwed too tight.,朋友有如琴弦,不能上的太紧。Have but few friends, though many acquaintances.,结交可以多,朋友应宜少。,We shall never have friends if we expect to find them without fault.,指望朋友无缺点,永远休想交朋友。,It is good to have some friends both in heaven and hell. 天堂上和地狱中都有几个朋友,这乃是一件好事。,Friends (the best of friends) must part.,好友终有分手时。,A friend is best found in adversity.,患难见真交。,False friends are worse than,open enemies. 假朋友比真敌人更坏。,Words and Expressions,available,a.,able to be used, had, or reached可用的;可得到的,You can refer to the available books to learn western culture.,你可以查阅现有的书籍来学习西方文化。,The president is,not available tomorrow,for he is to meet American guests.,总裁因明天要会见美国客人所以没有空。,estimate,vt.,估计;,n.,估计,It is estimated that,the cost will be $10,000.据估计,花费是一万美金。,The professor,estimated that,the project would be finished in 5 months.,教授估计这个项目可以在5个月内完成。,overestimate/underestimate sb./sth.,correspondence,n.,the act of writing, receiving or sending letters; letters通信(联系)(often followed withn);信件,I have,kept correspondence with,my pen pal for over 2 years.,我和我的笔友已经通信两年多了,。,My job is to help the manager to deal with the business correspondence.,我的工作是帮助经理处理这些信件。,bring.into correspondence with .,使.与.一致起来; 使.与.相互通信,By/ through correspondence用写信的办法,be in correspondence with sb./sth.,和.一致; 与.有通信联系,teach by correspondence函授,Eg. There isnt much correspondence between their views and ours!,他们和我们的见解不很一致。,v. A correspond with B,His actions do not correspond with his words.,他言行不一。,(consistent) respond to,not much of: not a good (a )不太好的,不是什么了不起的,称不上.,He is not much of a good father, but he is an outstanding scientist.,他称不上是一个好父亲,但却是一个杰出的科学家。,Although he has been teaching physics for 10 years, he is not much of a good teacher.,尽管他已经教了10年物理了,但是他仍然称不上是一个好老师。,something of: in some way or degree,有几分,He is something of a scholar.,他略有学问。,kind/sort of (informal) + unfortunate; difficult; strong -a little bit, in some way or degree有几分,有点儿,He is feeling kind of tired,.,他感到有点儿累。,She kind of hoped to be invited.,她有点希望被邀请。,somewhat:,I am somewhat tired of the work,.,我对这个工作有点厌倦了 。,practically,ad.,f,or all practical purposes; virtually, almost几乎;实际上,I have read the article for practically 10 times, but I am not quite sure of the meaning.,我已经阅读这篇文章几乎10次了,却还是不太能理解它的含义。,It is practically impossible to get to the hospital at 10 oclock for there is a traffic jam.,因为交通阻塞,所以在10点钟到达医院几乎是不可能的。,Impractical a.,neighborhood,n.,one of the parts of the town where people live街坊;四邻,Old as he is, he still likes doing work in the neighborhood.,尽管他年纪大了,但是他仍然喜欢为街坊做些事儿。,We are looking for a quite neighborhood to live.,我们在找一个安静的街坊居住。,urge,vt.,try very hard to persuade ( often used in the pattern urge sb. To do sth. or followed by a that-clause. In the that-clause, should pay attention to use the subjunctive mood.) 力劝,催促(urge sb. to do sth or: urge that-clause(虚拟语气),My mother,urged me to,take a short rest.我妈妈催促我休息一小会儿。,The workers,urged that,the manager,should,raise their wages.他们力劝经理给他们涨工资。,delay/ put off,postpone,vt.,delay推迟,使延期(postpone n./doing),We decided to postpone the negotiation since we havent got the first-hand information.,因为我们还未得到第一手的信息,所以我们决定推迟协商。,The ball game was postponed because of rain.,球赛因雨延期。,absolutely,ad.,totally and completely完全地,极其,To finish the task in 10 days is,absolutely impossible,.,在10天内完成这份工作完全不可能。,What you said just now is,absolutely right !,你刚才所说的话完全正确。,assembly/ gathering/ get-together n.,reunion,n.,a party attended by members of the same family, school, or other group who have not seen each other for a long time(家人、朋友、同事等久别后的)重聚,Our classmates are going to hold a yearly reunion in this winter holiday,.,我们同班同学打算在这个寒假搞一个年度聚会。,Spring festival is a time for every family in China to hold,a family reunion.,春节是每个中国家庭家庭聚会的时间。,hang out: (informal) stay in or near a place, not doing very much闲荡;徘徊,idle about/ stroll,The small bookstore is where I hung out during my schooldays.,上学时,我经常在那家小书店闲逛。,My sister often hangs out in the biggest shopping mall.,我姐姐经常在最大的那家百货商场闲逛。,destination,n.,the place to which sb. is going or being sent目的地,Tibet is still his popular holiday destination.,西藏仍然是令他向往的度假胜地。,It will take us three days to arrive in our destinationXinjiang,.,要花费我们3天的时间才能到达我们的目的地新疆。,go ahead: continue: begin继续;开始,Students,went ahead with,the group discussion after a short break.,休息了一会儿后,学生继续进行小组讨论。,The manager agreed that they can go ahead with the research project.,经理同意他们开始进行这个研究项目。,tough,a.,(informal) unfortunate; difficult; strong不幸的;困难的;坚固的;坚强的,The life of a single mother is tough and depressed. (depressive a. ),单身母亲的生活往往是艰辛和压抑的。,The government is to implement,贯彻, 执行tough policies for foreign trade.,政府打算针对外贸问题实施强硬的政策。,tough mountaineers; a tough cop.,强壮的山民;身强体壮的警察,choke up: to have difficulty in breathing, swallowing, or speaking; become too upset/excited to speak(因-等)哽得说不出话;,堵塞,She,was choked up by,the news that her father suffered from heart disease.,听到父亲心脏病发的消息,她难过的说不出话来。,I was,choked up with/by,the miserable life of David.,我被大卫的悲惨生活感动得说不出话来。,The chimney is almost choked up with soot.,烟囱几乎被烟垢堵住了。,(A is relevant to B),skip,v.,pass from (one point, etc,) to another, disregarding or failing to act on what comes between掠过,跳过;跳跃,Because of the time limit Mike skipped exercise 5.,由于时间有限,迈克跳过了练习5。,A newspaper reader can select what he is interested in and skip what he thinks is boring or irrelevant.,读报纸时,读者可以选择他感兴趣的来读,而跳过他认为枯燥或不相关的部分。,know/learn (-) by heart : memorize, remember exactly记住,能背出,He is only 4 years old, but he has already,learned 100 poems by heart,.,他只有4岁,但已经能背出100首诗。,I have learned the new English words by heart.,我已经记住新的英语单词了。,might/may (just) as well 不妨,(也)无妨,Its very late, you may just as well,go,to bed.,很晚了,还是去睡吧。,No one will eat the food; it might just as well be thrown away.,没有人吃这种食物,还是扔掉算了。,keep up,keep up: continue without stopping继续;保持,If this,rain keeps up,the dam will be ruined.,如果这雨继续下,大坝就完蛋了。,The high cost of materials keeps up prices.,材料的昂贵费用使价格居高不下。,keep (up) doing sth.,a couple of :几个;一对,一双 I have a couple of things to do at weekend.我周末有些事儿要做。,The rain will last a couple of weeks.,雨还要持续几周。,on ones mind: in ones thought 挂记在心头,The plan,has been on my mind,for a long time, but I havent sufficient fund to carry it out.,我已经记挂这个计划几周了,但却没有足够的资金来实施。,His students/team are/is always,on his mind/in ones mind.,他总是记挂着他的学生/球队。,keep in touch (with): keep in contact with(与)保持联系,保持接触,We have kept in touch with each other for 10 years.,我们保持联系已经10年了。,My fried reminded me of keeping in touch.我朋友提醒我要保持联系。,lose touch with sb./sth.,go by (of time): pass(时间)逝去,As time went by,the economic condition in the country was becoming better and better.,随着时间的流逝,这个国家的经济状况变得越来越好了。,As time goes by, he finds his English is improved.,随着时间的流逝,他发现他的英语水平提高了。,go on -,go off - (The bomb went off in -; the light went off),go over -,go through -(hardships, drawbacks),every now and then: sometimes, at times有时,时常,不时,Every now and then,my father visits me in Xian.我父亲是时常来西安看我。,Every now and then I would recall the car accident.,我时不时会想起那起车祸。,right away (informal) at once立刻,立即,The teacher asked the students to write a composition entitled country life and city life right away.,老师让学生立刻写一篇题目为乡村生活和城市生活的作文。,He entitled the book The Secret Garden,. (给题名),他把这本书定名为秘密花园。,Purpose,Sometimes we put off writing letters because we think letters can wait until other matters are dealt with, or because we think a phone call will do instead.,However, sometimes, as you are to find in this text, we may leave it too late to write, and we may look back with regret on the pain imposed on us, living with disturbed emotion/ mind.,Letters are the best in expressing our innermost最里面的, 内心的feelings to our friends and family. Dont hesitate to put down our genuine,诚恳的,gratitude,感激,to our friends.,(be regretful for sth.),live in compunction悔恨,repent (of ) sth.后悔做-,Difficult and nice sentences,(L 1) He must have been completely lost in something he was reading,He must have been fully occupied with what he was reading,.,Syn:,be absorbed in/ be fully occupied with/ be immersed in / plunge in /concentrate on sth.,The students plunged into their examinations.,学生们全神贯注在考试上,be lost in/lose oneself in: be absorbed in, be fully occupied with; be immersed in专心致志于,He lost himself in playing computer games.,他沉迷于玩计算机游戏之中。,I am lost in the beautiful scenery of Australia,.我被澳大利亚美丽的风景所迷住了。,Be indulged in,all the latest fads.,纵情享受最新时尚,indulge oneself in eating and drinking,纵情于吃喝,must have done:,Eg.They must have arrived by now since the trip needs only one hour.,must +(do),Eg. You must be very proud of your daughter/son because she/he is an honor student.,Eg. Im sure he must feel he has lost a friend.,or something (informal): (used when you are not very sure about what you have just said)诸如此类的事,The teacher told me the schedule or something.,老师告诉我日程安排和诸如此类的事情。,My mother gave me $100 and asked me to buy reference books,or something,.,妈妈给了我100美金让我买参考书或者诸如此类的事情。,I have no time for concerts, cinemas,and suchlike.,我没有时间去欣赏音乐会, 看电影以及诸如此类的消遣。,(L.9 -10) At least they do with me because Im on the road so much.,At least they mean a lot to me since I travel a lot.,do with: deal with; settle for;,I could do with a cup of tea.,我来杯茶就行。,If the usual team is unable to come, we shall have to do with other players.,如果经常出场的队不能来的话, 我们只好找其他队员上场。,come to terms /yield to /put up with-,(L. 18) We were kids together, so we go way back.,We had long been friends since we were kids.,way back: far back, a long way back.,way: adv. far (American English),Eg. The farm is way down the road.,那个农场远在路的尽头.,That trunk is,way too,heavy for you to lift alone.,这箱子太重, 远非你一人能提得动的.,(L. 37) But things come up and we just dont seem to find time.,But things happen unexpectedly,come up:,happen, occur, esp. unexpectedly(尤指意想不到地)发生,出现,I will let you know if anything comes up.,有任何事情发生的话,我会让你知道的。,There is something coming up at my work.,我工作上出了点事儿。,come up with:,to bring forth or discover:,想出(计划、回答);作出(反应);产生,He couldnt come up with an appropriate answer just at the time.,那时他想不出一个合适的答案。,came up with a cure for the disease.,(L. 48) It,had references to,things that probably,meant something,to the,driver,such as the time Tim Shea broke the window, the,Halloween,that we tied Old Mr. Parkers gate, and when Mrs. Culver used to keep us after school. ,The letter mentioned things that were memorable/important to the driver,reference,n.,the act of mentioning; the act of looking at sth. for information提及,谈到(+ to);参考,参阅,My friend,made no reference to,the arrangement of the winter vocation in his letter.,我朋友在信中并没有提到这次寒假的安排。,Students used English-English dictionary for reference.,学生们使用英英字典做参考。,Whats wrong?,(L. 53),Like it says there, he answered, about all we had to spend in those days was time. He shook his head: Time.,In informal English, “like” is often used as a conjunction instead of “as”. Its not generally considered correct in a formal style.,(L. 71) Where it says Your friendship over the years has,meant an awful lot to me, more than I can say because Im not good at saying things like that. ,mean much a great deal to sb.,对某人很重要; 对某人很可贵,I mean business.,我是当真的。,He means you no harm.,他无意伤害你。,mean sb. for sth. 准备让某人干某工作,He was meant for to be a doctor.,本来是准备把他培养成为医生的,(L. 53),When I got to my hotel room I didnt unpack right away. First I had to write a letter and mail it.,unlock开.锁, 开启 vt.,unload 卸货, 退子弹,unfold打开, 显露,undo解开, 松开,untie松开, 解开,unfasten解开, 放松,unloose解开, 放松,Text Analysis,1. Without words, how does the author express a certain feeling or emotion?,Para 2: He sounded as if he had a cold or something.,Para 30: The driver said sth. I couldnt understand because he seemed to be choked up.,Para 35: He looked sort of sorrowful, trying to see sth. in the distance.,Eg. He skillfully parried the question with a clever reply. (parry sth.),他用巧妙的回答极富技巧地回避了那个问题,body language:,The bodily gestures, postures, and facial expressions by which a person communicates nonverbally with others.,身体语言:一个人可用来与他人达到非语言交流的手势、体态或脸部表情,划挙(finger game),What constitute body language?,Eye contact,Have eye contact, but dont stare,Tone of voice,Dress sense,What clothes you wear gives off,a message about you.,Boundaries,Boundaries are all about not getting too close to someone yet not being too far away.,2. Anything particular about these expression?,From a child or a grandchild?,Went to school together?,Died a couple of days ago.,Enjoy talking to you.,Take a look. (letter),Try to find out the similar sentences in the text.,Find the similar expressions in the text,- Go on reading your letter.,(Go ahead and finish your letter)(P3),-,I think I can almost recite the letter.,(I guess I almost know it by heart,.),(P4),- Im not used to writing letters.,(Im not much of a hand at writing) (P6),- We were friends since our childhood. So our friendship has a long story.,(We were kids together, so we go way back) (,P8),- For one reason or another you lose touch with your friends even though you always remember them.,(You kind of lose touch even though you never forget) (P12),-,It is painful to lose any friend.,( Its no fun to lose any friend) (P15),-,But things occur against our expectation,But things come up. (P 17),-,We played together and enjoy ourselves in the same place before we get married.,(No, but we hung out on the same corner when we were single.),(P28,),Which sentences are more,colloquial,?,Characteristic of or appropriate to the spoken language or to writing that seeks the effect of speech; informal.,口语的: 以口语为特色的或适合于口语的,或者写作中追求口语效果或非正式效果的,2.,Characteristics,of spoken English,This text is actually a re-creation of the conversation between a taxi driver and the narrator,讲述者,叙述者,.,Therefore it provides ample examples of how English is spoken in daily life by native speakers:,colloquial,口语的, 通俗的,incomplete, simple and short, irregular grammatical function, with idioms and slang,Eg. It s no fun to lose any friend. (line30),Formal: Its no fan losing a friend.,Its no use crying over spilt milk. (spill),(L. 53),Like it says there, he answered, about all we had to spend in those days was time. He shook his head: Time.,God helps those who help themselves.,A fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.,Great minds think alike.,An ounce of luck is better than a pound of wisdom.Business is the salt of life.,Constant dripping wears away a stone.,Do nothing by halves. Creep before you walk.,自助者天助。,吃一堑,长一智。,英雄所见略同。,聪明才智,不如运气。,事业,是人生的第一需要。,水滴石穿,绳锯木断。,凡事不可半途而废。,循序渐进。,Idiom,A bird in the hand is worth than two in the bush.一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林。 Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。 A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半。,God helps those who help themselves.,自助者天助。,All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。 All that glitters is not gold.闪光的不一定都是金子。 A man is known by his friends.什么人交什么朋友。 Every man has his hobby horse.萝卜青菜,各有所爱。,Misfortunes never come alone.祸不单行。,A miss is as good as a mile.失之毫厘,差之千里。 An apple a day keeps the doctor away.一天一苹果,医生自己躲。 A new broom sweeps clean.新官上任三把火。 A sound mind in a sound body.健全的精神寓于健
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