差速器半轴桥壳

,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,魏代礼,汽车工程系,差速器半轴桥壳,1,、功用：超链接,（,1,）将主减速器传来的动力传给左、右两半轴。,（,2,）并在必要时允许左、右半轴以不同的转速旋转，使左、右驱动车轮相对于地面纯滚动而不是滑动。,2,、分类：,1,）按安装的位置分：,（,1,）轮间差速器轴间差速器,（,2,）普通差速器防滑差速器,2,）按差速器的功能分：,（,1,）普通差速器（,2,）防滑差速器,3,）按两侧输出转矩是否相等分：,（,1,）对称式（,2,）不对称式,差速器,3,、安装差速器的原因：,1,）原因：转弯、路面不平会造成两轮滚动距离不同。,2,）形式：,（,1,）轮间差速器,满足左右两轮实现不同转速,（,2,）轴间差速器,满足前后两轴实现不同转,速,超链接,超链接,一、普通差速器,1,、构造,行星锥齿轮差速器,桑塔纳轿车差速器分解图,差速器,2,、差速器动力传递,1,）行星齿轮转动：,（,1,）公转,（,2,）自转,2,）动力传递路线,主减速器主动锥齿轮从动锥齿轮差速器壳行星齿轮轴左半轴齿轮左半轴行星齿轮右半轴齿轮右半轴,3,、差速器工作原理,工作原理简图,1,2-,半轴齿轮；,3-,差速器壳；,4-,行星齿轮；,5-,行星齿轮轴；,6-,主减速器从动齿轮,1,）当汽车直线行驶时,路面阻力反映到差速机构上，使得行星齿轮与半轴齿轮啮合点,A,、,B,受力相等（,P,A,=P,B,),，由于行星齿轮相当于一个等臂的杠杆，则,M,A,=P,A,r,M,B,=P,B,r,M,A,=M,B,(,大小相等，方向相反）,所以，行星齿轮没有自转，,只有公转，差速器不起差速,作用 。,啮合点,A,啮合点,B,4,A,B,C,0,r,0r =1r =2r,即,n1=n2 = n0,此时差速器不起差速作用,且，,n,1,+n,2,=2n,0,差速器,直线行驶时的差速器,2,）当汽车右转弯行驶时：,路面阻力反映到差速机构上，使得行星齿,轮与半轴齿轮啮合点,A,、,B,受力不相等,如图汽车右转弯，（,P,A,P,B,),，,由于行星齿轮相当于一个,等臂的杠杆，则,M,A,=P,A,r,，,M,B,=P,B,r,M,A,M,B,在,M,B,-M,A,的作用下，,行星齿轮发生自转，,同时也有公转，差速器起差速作用 。,P,P,路面对车轮的附加力,P,使行星齿轮受力不平衡，产生自转力矩。,因：,V,A,=,1,r,V,B,= ,2,r,相加，有运动方程：,1,+ ,2,=2,0,n,1,=n,0,+n,n,2,=n,0,- n,， 但仍有,n,1,+ n,2,=2n,0,C,0,r,r,4,4,A,4,r,4,B,4,r,4,A,点：,V,A,= ,0,r +,4,r,B,点：,V,B,= ,0,r ,4,r,差速器,物理意义：,左右半轴齿轮之转速和等于差速器壳体转速的,2,倍，且与行星齿轮转速无关。,n,1,+ n,2,=2n,0,推论：,n,1,=0, n,2,=2n,0,(,如一个车轮掉入泥坑打滑，另一个车轮在地面不转或一边半轴断）,n,0,=0,，,n,1,=-n,2,（,如顶起汽车，传动轴制动，顺时针转动一侧车轮，另一个车轮会以相同的转速逆时针转动）,差速器,转弯行驶时的差速器（参考视频）,3,、扭矩特性,右转弯时，行星齿轮自转，产生摩擦转矩,M,4,，使转速快的半轴,1,的转矩减小，使转速快的半轴,2,的转矩增大，但由于,M,4,，很小，半轴,1,、,2,的转矩几乎不变，仍为平均分配。,直线行驶时，行星齿轮没有自转，转矩平均分配给左、右半轴。,设输入差速器壳的转矩为,M,0,，输出给左、右两半轴齿轮的转矩为,M,1,和,M,2,，,M,f,为折合到半轴齿轮上总的内摩擦力矩，则：,M,1,=,（,M,0,M,f,）,/2,M,2,=,（,M,0,+ M,f,）,/2,结论：,无论差速器差速与否，普通行星齿轮差速器都具有转矩等量分配的特性。,普通差速器等量分配特性对于,汽车在坏路面上行驶时十分不利,，因一侧车轮打滑，所得作用力矩很小，而另一车轮也只能同样分配得到很小的转矩，以致汽车无法自拔。,差速器,差速器短片,二、防滑差速器,(,参考视频，好长的广告,),1,、强制锁住式差速器,当汽车在坏路面上行驶时，驾驶员通过差速锁将差速器暂时锁住，使差速器不起差速作用。,差速器,2,、自锁式差速器,汽车在行驶过程中，根据路面情况自动改变驱动轮间的转矩分配。在两半轴转速不等时，行星齿轮自转，差速器所受摩擦力矩与,快转,半轴,旋向相反,，与,慢转,半轴,旋向相同,，故能够自动地向慢转一方多分配一些转矩。,超链接,3,、托森差速器,1-,差速器壳；,2-,直齿轮轴；,3-,半轴；,4-,直齿轮；,5-,主减速器被动齿轮；,6-,蜗轮；,7-,蜗杆,差速器,自锁差速器短片,轴间差速1,轴间差速2,半轴与桥壳,一、半轴,功用：将差速器传来的动力传给驱动轮。,实心轴，内端有花键，外端有凸缘。,1,、全浮式半轴支承,受扭矩，不受弯矩。,特点：易于拆装，只需拧,下半轴凸缘上的螺栓即壳,抽出半轴,半轴与桥壳,全浮式半轴支承：,全浮式半轴的半轴,凸缘,一端与,轮鼓,相连，轮载通过两个,相距较远的轴承,支承在桥壳上。半轴另一端通过半轴齿轮轮毂支承于差速器壳两侧轴颈孔内，而差速器壳又以两侧轴颈通过轴承支承在桥壳上，用这样的支承，,半轴与桥壳没有直接联系,，即半轴两端均不承受任何弯矩及反力故称全浮式，所谓全“浮”即指卸除半轴的弯曲载荷而言。,全浮式支承的半轴易于拆装，只需拧下半轴突缘盘上的螺栓，即可将半轴抽出，而车轮和桥壳照样能支持汽车。外端结构复杂，制造成本较高，小汽车一般不采用，广泛应用于轻、中、重型载货汽车和客车上。,半轴与桥壳,半轴与桥壳,半浮式半轴支承,与全浮式内端相同,，半轴与桥壳不受弯矩，同样是借差速器壳轴颈通过轴承支承在桥壳上，外端与轮毂直接配合，且,半轴直接通过轴承支承在桥壳上,。显然，此时作用在车轮上的各种反力都必经过,半轴,传给驱动桥壳。由于这种文承型式半轴,内端不承受弯矩，外端却承受全部弯矩,，故称为半浮式。,半轴与桥壳,半轴与桥壳,2,、半浮式半轴支承,受扭矩，外端受弯矩。,结构紧凑，价格低廉，质量小，但拆卸不方便。多于轿车及微型、轻型车上。,半轴与桥壳,二、桥壳,1,、功用：,用来安装主减速器、差速器、半轴、轮毂等部件的基础体。,半轴与桥壳,2,、桥壳分类：,（,1,）,整体式桥壳（,2,）分段式桥壳,1,）整体式桥壳,:,特点：强度、刚度好，便于拆装、调整，但质量大,半轴与桥壳,整体式桥壳,其中部为一环形空心壳体，两端压入,半轴套管,，并用螺钉止动。半轴套管于壳中伸出部分安装轮毂轴承，端部制有螺纹用以安装轮毂轴承调整螺母和锁紧螺母，桥壳上突缘盘用来固定制动底板。主减速器、差速器预先装在主减速器壳内，并用螺钉固定在桥壳环状空心壳体前端面上，桥壳后端面的大孔可用来检查主减速器的工作情况，后盖上装有检查油面用的螺塞。,半轴与桥壳,2,）,分段式桥壳,特点：,分段式桥壳各段之间,可相对运动,，采用独立式悬架。,半轴与桥壳,分段式桥壳,分段式桥壳一般由两段组成为一个由两段组成的两段式桥壳，中间用螺栓连成一体，它由主减速器壳、盖和两个半轴套管组成。分段式桥壳铸造加工简便，但维修、保养十分不便。当拆检主减速器时，必须把整个驱动桥从汽车上拆卸下来，,目前很少采用。,半轴与桥壳,复习视频,Contents,Click to add Title,1,Click to add Title,2,Click to add Title,3,Click to add Title,4,Hot Tip,How do I incorporate my logo to a slide that will apply to all the other slides?,On the,View,menu, point to,Master,and then click,Slide Master,or,Notes Master.,Change images to the one you like, then it will apply to all the other slides., Image information in product ,Image :,Note to customers : This image has been licensed to be used within this PowerPoint template only.,You may not extract the image for any other use.,Diagram,Add your title in here,Add your title in here,ThemeGallery,is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall,developed by Guild Design Inc.,ThemeGallery,is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall,developed by Guild Design Inc.,Diagram,Click to add Text,Click to add Text,Click to add Text,Click to add Text,Click to add Text,Click to add Text,Click to add Text,Click to add Text,Click to add Text,ThemeGallery,is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,Diagram,50%,24%,10%,16%,50%,24%,16%,10%,Products,Description of the companys products,Service,Description of the companys service,Technology,Description of the companys technology,Market,Description of the companys market,Marketing Diagram,ThemeGallery,is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,Description of the contents,Description of the contents,Contents text,Contents text,Contents Title (2006),Diagram,1. Describe contents for a Chart,Description of the companys sub contents,Description of the companys sub contents,2. Describe contents for a Chart,Description of the companys sub contents,Description of the companys sub contents,Chart Title in here,Diagram,Products,Description of the companys products,Service,Description of the companys service,Technology,Description of the companys technology,Market,Description of the companys market,Text,Text,Text,Text,Title,Add your text,Diagram,Add your text in here,Your text in here,Your text in here,Your text in here,Add your text in here,Your text in here,Your text in here,Your text in here,ThemeGallery,is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,ThemeGallery,is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,ThemeGallery,is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,Diagram,Text in here,01.Title,Add your text in here,Add your text in here,Add your text in here,02.Title,Add your text in here,Add your text in here,Add your text in here,03.Title,Add your text in here,Add your text in here,Add your text in here,ThemeGallery,is a,Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed,by Guild Design Inc.,ThemeGallery,is a,Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed,by Guild Design Inc.,ThemeGallery,is a,Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed,by Guild Design Inc.,Diagram,Description of the products,Description of the business,Description of the business,Description of the products,Description of the business,Description of the products,Description of the products,Description of the business,Text in here,Text in here,Text in here,Text in here,Text in here,Title,Diagram,Text in here,ThemeGallery,is,a Design Digital Content,& Contents mall developed,by Guild Design Inc.,Text in here,ThemeGallery,is,a Design Digital Content,& Contents mall developed,by Guild Design Inc.,Text in here,ThemeGallery,is,a Design Digital Content,& Contents mall developed,by Guild Design Inc.,Text in here,Text in here,Text in here,Progress Diagram,Your text in here,Your text in here,Your text in here,Your text in here,Your text in here,Your text in here,Text in here,Add your text in here,Add your text in here,Block Diagram,Text in here,Text in here,Text in here,Text in here,Text in here,Text in here,95%,Text in here,Description of the contents,80%,Text in here,Description of the contents,70%,Text in here,Description of the contents,45%,Text in here,Description of the contents,37%,Text in here,Description of the contents,16%,Text in here,Description of the contents,3-D Pie Chart,Add your text,Add your text,Add your text,Add your text,Add your text,Your,Slogan,here,D,Group,Text,Text,Text,Text,Product_24%,B,Group,Product_76%,A,Group,Product_50%,C,Group,Product_38%,Diagram,Diagram,ThemeGallery,is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,ThemeGallery,is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,ThemeGallery,is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,Diagram,Your text in here,Your text in here,Your text in here,Your text in here,Your text in here,Click to add Title,Click to add Title,Click to add Title,Click to add Title,Click to add Title,Click to add Title,Click to add Title,Click to add Title,Click to add Title,Click to add Title,ThemeGallery,is a Design Digital Content & Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.,