英语句子成分讲解及句子类型2

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,词类,My,friend,buys,a,lovely,dog,and,two,cats,today,代 词,名词,动词,冠词,连词,数词,副词,形容词,词类,作 用,例 词,1.,（,n.,）名 词,表示人或事物的名称。,I bought a,book,.,She is a,student,.,2. (pron.,）,代词,代替名词、数词等。,This,is,my,friend.,He,likes,that,book because,it,is very useful to,him,.,Parts of Speech,3.,（,adj.,）,形容词,表示人或事物的特征或性状。,译为中文时，常带有,“的”,He is,small,but he is,clever,.,The,red,pen is,useful,for the teacher.,He painted the wall,white,yesterday.,4. (num.,）数词,表示数目或顺序。,There are,ten,apples on the table and I will take the,first,one.,5.,（,v.,）动 词,表示动作或状态。,We,study,English.,I,am reading,a book,.,6.,（,adv.,）副 词,表示动作的特征或性状特征。大部分以,“,l y,”,结尾的单词,I like English,very much,.,He answers question,quickly,.,The train goes,fast,.,7. (prep.,）介 词,表示名词、代词和其他词之间的关系。,He usually stay,at,home,on,Sundays.,8.,（,conj.,）连词,连接词与词或句与句的作用。,He,and,I are in the same class,and,we are good friends.,Two,or,three of us can dance well,but,I can,t .,9. (interj.,）感叹词,表示强烈的感情,Oh,!,How,beautiful the scene is!,What,a good idea!,Goodness,!,10.,（,art.,）冠词,用来限制名词的意义,不定冠词：,a,、,an,定冠词：,the,I have,a,pet dog .,The,dog is very lovely.,He is,an,old man but very strong.,牛刀小试,红色部分的词分别是哪种词类？,1. The,sun,rises in the east.,（ ）,2,.,He,likes dancing.,（ ）,3.,Two,will be enough.( ),4.She lived a,happy,life.( ),5.The sun rises,in,the east,（ ）,名词,代词,数词,形容词,介词,取得英语语法成功的基石,句子成分,一、主语,主语（,subject,）：,句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于,_,。,1.,Lucy,likes her new bike.,2.,We,work hard.,3.,To learn a foreign language,is not easy.,4.,Playing,football after school,is great fun.,句首,1. We,love,China.,2. She,seems,tired.,3. He,can speak,English,4. We,have finished,reading this book.,二、谓语,谓语,:,说明主语,做什么,或,怎么样,。通常由,_,充当,.,动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词,.,动词,实义动词,连系动词,情态动词,助动词,（,V.,）,情态动词,和,助动词,不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语,.,They,can speak,English well.,They,are playing,over there.,1,）,状态,系动词,，用来表示主语状态，只有,be,（,am,is,are,was,were,been,being,）一词,He,is,a teacher.,2,）,持续,系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有,keep, remain, stay,He always,kept,silent at meeting.,他开会时总保持沉默。,系动词,3,）,表像,系动词，用来表示,看起来像,这一概念，主要有,seem, appear, look,例如：,He looks tired.,He seems (to be) very sad.,4,）,感官,系动词，主要有,feel, smell, sound, taste,This flower smells very sweet,.,5,）,变化,系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有,become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come,He became mad after that.,6,）,终止,系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有,prove, turn out,The rumor proved false.,这谣言证实有假。,His plan turned out a success.,他的计划终于成功了。,三、宾语,宾语,：动作行为的对象，说明主语做,什么,。一般放在,_,或,_,后面,.,1.We study,English.,2.Our teacher,said,that he would go there.,3.He is looking at,the dog,.,双宾语,：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。,He gave,me,two books,.,动词,介词,表语,：跟在,连系动词,后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态,.,The trees,turn,green.,The flowers,are,beautiful .,My job,is,to teach you English.,The question,is,how we can get there.,四、表语,定语：用来修饰和限定,_.,This is a,red,car.,The building is a,teaching,building.,The,woman,doctor is my wife.,I have something,to tell you,.,The man,in front of the gate,is Mr. Li.,Every,student has an,English,book.,五、定语,名词,状语,：,修饰,动,词、,形,容词、,副,词或,全句,，说明,时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的,等。,六、,状语,John,often,came,to chat with me,As he was ill,he didnt come to class yesterday.,She is sitting,at the desk, doing her homework.,My father worked,in this school ten years ago.,Though he is young,he knows a lot.,He came,running.,(,程度 目的,),（地点 伴随）,（地点 时间）,（让步）,（方式）,(,原因,),补语,是用于补充说明,主语,或,宾语,的身份或特征。,七、,补语,Everyone calls him,Jack.,（宾补）,He is called,Jack.,（主补）,同位语,是位于,名词,或,代词,后,面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行进一步的补充说明,The Great Wall,one of the wonders in the world,attracts a large number of foreign friends.,八、,同位语,一、,主语,主语可以用下面这些东西表示：,1.,The sun,rises in the east.,（ ）,2.,He,likes dancing.,（ ）,3.,Two,will be enough.( ),4.,Seeing,is believing.,（ ）,5.,To see,is to believe.,（ ）,名词,代词,数词,动名词,不定式,二、,宾语,宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：,1.She lived,a happy life,.( ),2.I love,you,.( ),3.We need,two,.( ),4.Do you mind,opening the door,?( ),5.He began,to learn English a year ago,.( ),名词,代词,数词,动名词,不定式,二、,表语,表语可以用下面这些东西表示：,He is,a teacher,. ( ),My idea is,this,.( ),She was,the first,to arrive.( ),I feel much,better,today./I must be,off,now. ( ),He is,out of danger,.( ),名词,代词,数词,形容词,/,副词,介词短语,三、,定语,定语可以用下面这些东西表示：,Its a,red,car.( ),They live in the room,above,.( ),My,brother is a teacher.( ),We belong to,the third,world.( ),Lucys,father is a poor worker.( ),Mother made a,birthday,cake for me.( ),The man,under the tree,is my teacher.( ),形容词,副词,代词,数词,名词所有格,名词,介词短语,四、,状语,状语可以用下面这些东西表示：,He is,often,late for class.( ),We saw that picture,at the cinema,.( ),He sat there,smoking,.( ),They returned,tired and hungry,.,（ ）,They did everything they could,to save the boys life.,（ ）,Although he is young, he knows a lot. ( ),The box is so heavy,that I cant lift it.,( ),副词，程度,介词短语，地点,分词，伴随,不定式，目的,形容词，状态,让步状语从句,结果状语从句,While my wife was reading the newspaper,I was watching TV.,（ ）,He was angry,because we were late,(,）,If it rains tomorrow, we wont go out.( ),时间状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句,五、,宾语补足语,：,I consider Jim,a good friend,.( ),I always find her,happy,.( ),People praised him,as a hero,.( ),I had the TV,fixed,.( ),I saw him,entering,the building.( ),形容词,名词,介词短语,过去分词,现在分词,英语句子的种类,简单句,(simple sentence),只包含一个主谓结构,They are playing baseball in the garden.,Her brother and,sisiter,are both teachers.,并列句,(compound sentence),Her father is a doctor,and,her mother is a teacher.,I liked the story very much,but,Li Ming wasnt,intereted,in it.,Hurry,up,or,youll be late.,由,and,but,or,so,这四个并列连词连接，而“，”逗号是不能连接两个简单句的。,复合句,(complex sentence),If he is all right tomorrow, he will come.,I went to bed,afer,I finished my homework.,连词,主句,从句（状语）,主句,连词,从句（状语）,简单句的,五种基本句型,英语五种基本句型,列式如下： 基本句型一：,（主谓）,基本句型二：（主系表） 基本句型三：,（主谓宾）,基本句型四：,（主谓间宾直宾） 基本句型五：,（主谓宾宾补）,基本句型一,主谓 （,S + V,）,S + V,She cooks.,He is working.,What he said does not matter.,The pen writes smoothly.,基本句型一,主谓,S,V,She,cooks,He,is working,What he said,does not matter.,The pen writes smoothly.,基本句型二,主系表,S+V+P,He is happy.,Every thing looks nice.,His face turned red.,基本句型二,主系表,S,V,P,He,is,happy.,Everything,looks,nice.,His face,turned,red.,基本句型三,主谓宾,S+V+O,We study English everyday.,They are playing football.,He enjoys reading.,She said “Good morning.”,基本句型三,主谓宾,S,V,O,We,They,He,She,study,are playing,enjoys,said,English everyday.,football.,reading.,“,Good morning.,”,基本句型四,SV,（及物）,O,（多指人）,O,（多指物）,I give him a book.,My mother bought me a pen yesterday.,I showed him my picture.,基本句型四,S,V,（及物）,O,O,I,give,him,a book.,My mother,bought,me,a pen yesterday.,I,showed,him,my picture.,基本句型五,S+V,（及物）,+O (,宾语,)+C,（宾补）,We must keep the door open.,The news makes me happy.,We call him Jim.,He told me to wash the plates.,I saw a thief going into your room.,基本句型五,S,V,（及物）,O (,宾语,),C,（宾补）,We,must keep,the door,open.,The news,makes,me,happy.,We,call,him,Jim.,He,told,me,to wash the plates.,I,saw,a thief,going into your room.,