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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,*,Unit 2 What is happiness to you?,非,谓语动词经常作,状语,。动词不定式常用作,目的状语,，动词,-ing,或动词,-ed,则常用作原因、时间、方式、条件等状语。,To do,first aid correctly,you,have to study with a teacher.,In order not to,waste electricity,we,turned the light off.,Check your composition carefully,so as to,avoid mistakes.,1,我们用动词不定式表示目的。有三种形式，可互换：,to do,in order to do,so as to do(,不用于句首,),1.Did the book give the information you needed?,Yes.But _ it,I had to read the entire book.,to find B.find,C.to be finding D.finding,2._this cake,youll need 2 eggs,175 g sugar and 175 g flour.,A.Having made B.Make,C.To make D.Making,3,All these gifts must be mailed,immediately _ in time for Christmas.,in order to have received,B.in order to receive,C.so as to be received,D.so as to be receiving,析,:so as to(,不能放句首,),to,in order to,作目的状语可以放在句首或句中。,4,He hurried to the station only _ that the train had gone.,A.to find B.finding,C.found D.to have found,补充,1,:,在,so as to,such as to,only to ,结构中不定式作,结果状语,，其中,常用,only to do,来表示末曾预料到或令人不快的情况，其动作发生在谓语动作之后。,5,I feel greatly honored _ into their society.,A.to welcome B.welcoming C.to be welcomed D.welcomed,补充,2:,不定式常放在表示,情绪反应,的形容词后作原因状语。如：,happy,sorry,glad,sad,surprised,disappointed.,不定式不放在句首。,补充,3:,不定式常与,too,或,enough,连用，在句中作状语。例如：,The boy isnt old enough to go to school.,=The boy is too young to go to school.,2,我们可以用动词,-ing,或动词,-ed,作状语。,动词,-ing,或动词,-ed,可用来表示,缘由或起因,。,Being a,student,I,must work hard.,Not knowing,what to do next,he,turned to the teacher for help.,Followed,by a stranger,she,felt frightened.,Interested,in Chinese culture,Tony,came to China last year.,1),不知道他的地址，我们没法与他取得联系。,_,we couldnt get in touch with him.,2),在这个学校已经学习一年了，我非常了解这个学校。,_,I am familiar with it.,Not knowing his address,Having studied in this school for one year,3),深深地被这个故事感动，激动的人们停止了争吵。,_,the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.,4),受到这人演讲的鼓舞，这个年轻人下决心要更努力工作。,_,the young people made up their minds to work harder.,Deeply moved by the story,Encouraged by the speech,Working,in the factory,he,was an advanced worker.,Walking,on the roads in the countryside,I,can see a variety of wild flowers.,Seen,from the hill,the park,looks more beautiful,.,Asked,when he would arrive,he,said it was uncertain.,动词,-ing,或动词,-ed,可用来表示,时间,。,1,）当听到这个消息的时候，他们都高兴的跳了起来。,_,they all jumped with joy.,2),看到这些图片，我们都情不自禁的想起在北京的那些日子。,_,we couldnt help thinking of those days in Beijing.,3,）,When_ help,one often says“Thank you.”or“It s kind of you.”,A.offering B.to offer,C.to be offered D.offered,Hearing the news,Seeing those pictures,Arriving at the airport,he started looking for the tour guide.,我们也可以用动词,-ing,形式表示一个动作先发生，而主句动作则紧随其后。,Getting back from work,she began to cook.,Americans,like travelling,driving,their cars.,They,often communicate with each other,using English,.,The old man,went into the room,supported by his wife.,动词,-ing,或动词,-ed,可用来表示,方式,。,1,）他,坐,在桌子旁读书。,He is reading,，,_.,2,）我和父亲坐在桌子旁边讨论着我的工作问题。,_,my father and I were talking about my job.,sitting at the table,Seated at the table,Working hard,you,will succeed one day.,Putting more salt into the soup,you,will find it more delicious.,Given more time,we,could have done it much better.,Compared,with other professors,she,was an excellent speaker.,1),在英语方面努力点，你就会取得更大的进步的。,_,you will make greater progress.,2),向左转，你就会发现我们通向我们学校的那条小路。,_,you will find the path leading to our school.,3),水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。,_,water changes into steam.,Working hard at English,Turning to the left,(If)heated,3,我们可以将,动词,-ing,或动词,-ed,用在连词（,when,while,once,（一旦），,if,unless,though,although,）等后面。（分别表示时间、条件或让步）,When,waiting for,the bus,he,saw an old friend.,While,reading the novel,he,nodded from time to time.,Once,seen,it,will never be forgotten.,Unless invited to speak,you,should remain silent at the conference.,Though,feeling tired,he,keeps on running.,Having made,our plan,we,will put it into practice.,Having been attacked,by terrorists,the tall building,collapsed,.,4,我们可以用,having+,动词,-ed,或,having been+,动词,-ed,的形式来表示主动完成任务或被动完成之意。,1,）,_ in the queuefor half an hour,the old man suddenly realized be had left the cheque in the car.,Waiting B.To wait,C.Having Waited D.To have waited,2,）,_,but he still couldnt understand the logical connection of the two subjects.,Having told many times,B.Having been told many times,C.,He,was told many times,D.Many times as he was told,分词短语作状语时，,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。,当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，,分词前必须加上自己的主语，,此结构被称为,独立主格结构。,如：,Nobody,to come tomorrow,we,will have to put off the meeting till next week.,So many people,to help him,he,is sure to succe
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