英语词类和句子成分

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语词类和句子成分,请根据每组规律补充新词,1.book shoes cat mother hometown advice.,2.Nice beautiful strong confident excited.,3.Look feel cry manage try encourage.,4.Soon ago now early finally .,5.Slowly well easily really,6.Above ahead below.,7.Very much so.,8.Always sometimes frequently.,一、概述,高等学校英语应用能力考试,A,级第二部分语法结构在第二节有填词题，其比例为,25%30%,。测试范围限于基本要求中的词汇表，,测试考生运用词法和词性（词形变化）的能力。,词形变化主要是指动词、名词、形容词和副词和四大类实词之间的变化,。,题干会给出词的原形或根，要求考生根据句子的含义及构词方法填入正确的词形。所以考生必须掌握一些基本的词性知识和构词法知识。,各类词在句子中的作用：其在句子中充当的成分,主语 谓语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补足语 同位语,名 词,*,动 词,*,形容词,*,副 词,*,英语句子成分,（一）主语,主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的,“是什么”,或,“是谁”,。,一般由,名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语,来充当。,它,在句首,。,（,1,）,Lucy is a beautiful nurse.,（名词作主语）,（,2,）,He reads newspapers every day.,（代词作主语）,（,3,）,Smoking is harmful to the health.,（动名词作主语）,（,4,）,To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.,（不定式作主语）,（,5,）,What we should do is not yet decided.,（主语从句作主语）,英语句子成分,（二）谓语,说明主语,“做什么”，“是什么”,或,“怎么样”,。,谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）,必须是动词,。,谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。,它在主语后面,。,His parents are teachers.,（系动词和表语一起作谓语）,We study hard.,（行为动词作谓语）,We dont finish reading the book.,（助动词和行为动词共作谓语）,He can speak English.,（情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）,英语句子成分,三、宾语,宾语是,动作、行为的对象,，,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。,由,名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词,、短语来担任，,一般放,在谓语之后,。,She is doing her homework now.,（名词作宾语）,She says,（,that,）,she is ill.,（宾语从句作动词宾语）,We often help him.,（代词作宾语）,He likes to play basketball.,（不定式作宾语）,We enjoy listening to the music.,我们喜欢听音乐。（,动名词短语作宾语）,英语句子成分,说明,1,：,宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后,。,2.,介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为,介词宾语,。,I am interested in music.,3,名词、代词、数词常在句中做,动词宾语,或,介词宾语,。,4,另外，,动词不定式,可作动词宾语；,I want to go home now.,5,动名词和宾语从句,也可用作动词宾语。,She has finished reading the book.,We know that the road to home is never too long.,英语句子成分,说明,2,：,及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。,宾语分,直接宾语,和,间接宾语,。,直接宾语,是及物动词的直接对象，直接宾语,指物,，,间接宾语,通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾语,指人,间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。,不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟,。如：,give,show,（给,看），,bring,pass,buy,等。,如：（,1,）,Our teacher tells us a story.,（,2,）,The sun gives us light.,间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后,，在表示“人”的间接宾语,之前,会出现介词,“,to”,或“,for”,。,英语句子成分,间接宾语前加“,to”,的有：,give,show,send,bring,read,pass,lend,leave,hand,tell,return,write,throw,promise,（答应）,refuse,（拒绝）等,间接宾语加“,for”,的有,：,make,buy,do,get,play,order,（命令）,sing,pay,等,（,1,）,I give him a book.,改成：,（,2,）,He passes me the book.,改成：,（,3,）,He writes me a letter.,改成：,（,4,）,He will buy me some books.,改成：,（,5,）,She is making me a cake.,改成：,英语句子成分,（四）宾语补足语,在宾语后面,补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分,，称为,宾语补足语,。,名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词,等可用作宾语补足语。,宾语和宾语补足语称为,复合宾语,。,They make her happy.,（形容词）,I saw her dance that day.,（不定式,Well help you to make the Olympics a success.,（名词,）,Please let him in.,（副词）,We heard her singing a song.,（分词短语）,英语句子成分,（五）表语,表语说明主语“,是什么,”或者“,怎么样,”，,由,名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式,及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。,它的位置,在系动词后面,。,I am a teacher.,（名词）,He is always happy.,（形容词）,we are very excited today.,They are on the playground now.,（介词短语）,It gets cold.,（形容词）,She is outside now.(,介词,),英语句子成分,系动词,表保持,（,keep,stay,remain,）,表改变,（,get,，,become,，,turn,）,感官动词,（,feel,，,sound,（听起来），,seem/look,（看起来），,taste,（尝起来），,smell,（闻起来）,It sounds interesting.,（,sound,为系动词，,interesting,为表语）,We should all remain careful.,（,remain,为系动词，,careful,为表语）,英语句子成分,（六）定语,定语是用,来,修饰名词或代词,的,.,形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式,或相当于形容词的词或短语等。,单个词,作定语时，通常,放在它所修饰的,名词之前,。,The black bike is mine.,（形容词）,Whats your name?,（代词）,They make paper flowers.,（名词）,英语句子成分,说明,1,：,当定语,修饰不定代词,：,nothing,anything,everything,something,等时，,定语,在不定代词后面,。,如：,I tell him something interesting.,（形容词,interesting,作不定代词,something,的后置定语）,He has something to do.,（,to do,为不定式作后置定语）,英语句子成分,说明,2,：,短语或从句,作定语时,，也放,在被修饰的,名词之后,。,如：,The food,in our school,is very delicious.,（,in the school,是介词短语作,the food,的后置定语。）,The road to home is never too long.,Do you know the key of success?,（七）状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词,。,一般表示行为发生的,时间、地点、目的、方式、程度,等意,.,一般由,副词、介词短语、不定式,或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。,状语,一般放在,句末,，但有的可以放在,句首、句中,。,He did it carefully,.,（副词）,We often help him.,（副词）,Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday,.,（介词短语）,When I grow up,I am going to be a teacher.,（从句作时间状语）,He sat there.,（,副词地点状语）,Dont stand by the window.,I usually have a walk with my dog in the park after dinner.,英语句子成分,练习：,(,一,),挑出下列句中的宾语,My brother,doesnt,do,his homework,.,A B C D,People,all,over,the world,speak,English,.A B C D You must pay,good,attention,to,your,pronunciation,.,A B C D,How many new,words,do,you,learn,?,A B C D Some of the,students,in the school want,to go swimming,A B,how,about,you,?,C D,英语句子成分,(,二,),挑出下列句中的表语,The old man,is,feeling,very,tired,.A B C D Why is,he,worried,about,Jim,?,A B C D,Theleaves,have,turned,yellow,.,A B C D Soon,They,all,become,interested,in the subject,.,A B C D Shei,s,the first,to learn,about it,.,A B C D,英语句子成分,(,三,),挑出下列句中的定语,They,use,Mr.Mrs.with the,family,name,.,A B C D,What,is,your,given,name,?,A B C D,On the,third,lap,are,Class 1 and Class 3,.,A B C D I am,afraid,some,people,forgot,to sweep,the floor.,A B C D,The man,downstairs,was,trying,to sleep,.,A B C D,英语句子成分,（四,),挑出下列句中的宾语补足语,She,likes,t,he children,to read newspapers and books,A B C,in thereading-room,.,D H