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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,词汇教学探讨,人民教育出版社英语室 熊金霞,.,封面页,.,I.,引子,教师提升外语语言能力是第一位的。,了解本质和原则，才能以不变应万变。,常用词汇,NS,母语词汇量,:20,000-50,000,英语常用词,700 words 70%,文本内容,150076%,250080%,3000,基本表达意思和完成交际任务,receptive vocab productive vocab,词典中的高频词标示,Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English,（,2003,）将最常用的,3000,常用词用非常醒目的红色标示。,way S1 W1,柯林斯,COBUILD,英语词典用钻石数量表明单词的常用程度，如最常用的用五个钻（,）标示，有,700,词；次最常用的用四钻（,）标示，有,1200,词；常用的用三钻（,），有,1500,词。,何谓掌握一个词？,idea,发音：,/ad/,拼写：,i-d-e-a,意义：打算；想法、主意,语法特征：名词，可数或不可数,搭配：搭配广,语域：口头和书面都用,频率：高频词,短语或句式：,have no idea;not have the slightest idea;the idea of doing sth;give me an idea;It is a good idea to do sth.,idea,的搭配,Verb+idea,abandon,absorb,accept,adjust to,advocate,amplify,advance,back,be against,be committed/dedicated/drawn to,be obsessed with,be struck by,borrow,cherish,clarify,cling to,come out/up with,confirm,conjure up,consider,contemplate,convey,debate,debunk,defend,demonstrate,develop,deny,dismiss,dispel,disprove,distort,drop,eliminate,encourage,endorse,entertain,explode,explore,expound,express,favor,fit,fit in with,follow up,form,formulate,foster,get,get accustomed/used to,get rid of,give up,go along with,grasp,hammer out,have,hit upon,hold,implement,imply,impose on sb,incorporate,inculcate,instill,jot down,keep to,launch,meet,modify,negate,oppose,pick up,pioneer,plant,play with,popularize,present,promote,propose,put an end to,put forward,put into practice,raise,refute,reinforce,reject,relish,resist,respond to,revive,ridicule,rule out,spread,squash,stick to,subscribe to,suggest,support,take to,take up,test,tinker with,toy with,turn down,warm to,续,“An idea is+adj”,abstract,absurd,advanced,ambitious,arresting,basic,bizarre,bold,bright,brilliant,classical,clear,common,commonsense,confused,controversial,convincing,crazy,diabolical,disconcerting,elusive,enlightened,entrenched,exaggerated,extravagant,extreme,false,familiar,fantastic,far-fetched,feasible,feeble,fixed,flexible,foolish,grotesque,hazy,heretical,imaginative,inflated,ingenious,ingrained,innovative,instinctive,intriguing,irresponsible,mad,misconceived,mistaken,monstrous,new-fangled,novel,original,old-fashioned,outdated,out-of-date,outrageous,peculiar,persuasive,preconceived,preposterous,prevalent,provocative,(un)real,(un)realistic,remarkable,revolutionary,ridiculous,risky,sensible,silly,splendid,strange,striking,superficial,untenable,useful,vague,valid,well-defined,续,An idea+verb,come into sbs head/mind,come to sb,hit sb,occur to sb,strike sb,flash across/into sbs mind/brain;,emerge,form,grow,决定词汇学习难度因素,学习者母语影响,发音,bag thank father,词形,语法形式,I like ice-cream.I like to sing.,搭配,得体性,Im firm,youre obstinate,he is pigheaded.,意义不对等,make a difference make a mistake make moneymake progress,2.,学习方式,重复与注意：机械重复单词没有让学生回忆单词有效，培养学生有意注意,3.,词本身,名词最容易，形容词次之，动词和副词最难,中学英语词汇教学的五大问题,单元词汇教学不分主次，不分顺序，平均分配时间，造成学生词汇记忆负担过重，词汇学习效率低下。,词汇教学求深不求广，导致学生的词汇量难以有效扩展。,词汇教学方法单一，缺乏语境，导致学生学得快，忘得也快。,词汇教学缺乏学习策略指导，不利于培养学生的独立学习能力。,词汇教学重记忆，轻运用，不利于培养学生的语言运用能力。,两大原则,语音是单词记忆的线索,拼音文字，形音联系,Phonics,bathtub effect,int_ _ _ _ting,fes_ _val,2 语义是单词组织的中心原则,Test:,A Name a fruit that begins with p.,B Name a word that begins with p that is a fruit.,bus,NNS,联想：,conductor,seat,ticket,driver,passenger,bus station,NS,联想：,a crowded bus,catch a bus,a bus at the bus station;The bus newly-made bus is very beautiful.,课标五级词汇,1.,了解英语词汇包括单词、短语、习惯用语和固定搭配形式。,2.,理解和领悟词语的基本意义以及在特定语境中的意义。,3.,运用词汇描述事物、行为和特征，说明概念等。,4.,学会使用,1500-1600,个单词和,200-300,个习惯用语或固定搭配。,解读：,重视词块,强调语境,强调词的作用，如可以描述事物，不是词汇本身的含义,用“学会使用”代替“掌握”，突出语言的运用,II.,单词教学建议,重视,拼读规则,重视搭配，语块教学,语境中教单词,建立语义网络,多用，与各技能结合,1.,重视拼读规则,课标要求,把音标写进课标,“根据读音规则和音标,拼读单词,”,p19,音标是标注音的一种方式，本身不是学习目标。,拼读规则,五个元音字母的发音,常见字母组合发音,音节；重读音节,hen pig,de,cide,top hill duck,seem bird my,self um,brella,2.,重视,搭配,搭配：伙伴关系；有规律的共现,You shall know a word by the company it keeps.,J.R.Firth(British linguist,1890-1960),Tell me who you go with and Ill tell you who you are.,Oxford Collocations Dictionary for Students of English,相比词性、词义和词缀知识，,搭配能力最弱,，发展也最慢；搭配错误主要受,母语影响,*,learn knowledge gain/acquire,*,strong abilitygreat/exceptional/remarkable,语法搭配词汇搭配,语法搭配,（,+,不定式,/,分词,/,从句,/,介词）,be interested,in,.,Thanks,for,It is,nice/thoughtful/stupid,of,you,to do,sth.,词和语法不可分,lexical grammar,It takes sb.some time to do sth.,decide/seem/try to do sth.,that this nation,under God,shall have a new birth of freedom-and that government,of,the people,by,the people,for,the people,shall not perish from the earth.,民有，民治，民享,Verb pattern 1,I,gave,Tracy the book.,passed,handed,threw,Verb pattern 2,Subject+verb,it,Comple,ment,To do sth/that clause,I,think,We all,consider,it,it,wise,wrong,to finish the work soon.,that he cheated in the exam.,Common verbs used:,believe,feel,find,know,take,prove,count,Hornby A.S.,A Guide to Patterns and Usage in English,词汇搭配,从一个词可以预测到它之后或之前的词,v+n,shake hands/head/bottle,adj+n,a noisy/quiet/wide/narrow street,adv+adj,badly/severely/seriously damaged,v+adv,read aloud/well/accurately,n+v,The sun rises/comes up/comes out/shines/sets/
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