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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,第二章 现代经济增长理论,Modern Economic Growth Theory,2024/11/27,1,学习要点,Key points,哈罗德,-,多马模型,Harrod-Domar,Growth Model,索罗,-,斯旺模型,Solow,-Swan Growth Model,剑桥增长模型,Cambridge Growth Model,2024/11/27,2,第一节,哈罗德-多马模型,Harrod-Domar,Model,经济增长与经济发展概念的区分,反映了发展经济思想的演就。在此基础上,西方经济学科中的“发展经济学”(,Developmet,Economics,)和“增长经济学”(,Growth,Ecnomics,)成为关系密切但又相互独立的学科。后者以充分发达、运转灵活的市场经济的存在为前提,专门研究经济发达国家或地区长期稳定和持续平衡增长的途径。,2024/11/27,3,基本思想:,The basic thoughts of,Harrod-Domar,Growth Model,资本的不断形成是经济长期稳定增长的的唯一原因。,The formation of capital is the only reason for economy extended and steady growth In the long-term,。,理论根据:,不断的投资和资本形成增加,是保证经济稳定增长的唯一源泉。,Continuous investment and capital formation growth,is the only source of economy steady growth.,研究范围:,长期,经济均衡增长的条件。,The Model demonstrates how to keep the countrys economic,steady and balanced growth.,一、哈罗德-多马增长模型,HARROD-DOMAR GYOWTH MODEL,2024/11/27,4,假设条件:,1、只生产一种产品(它既可消费又可投资),Overall society only products a kind of output which,can be consumed as well as product other output.,2、生产要素只有资本、劳动 资本-产出比例不变,There are only two product elements:,capital and labor.The ratio is invariable.,3、,GNP,只在资本家、劳动者之间分配,GNP is distributed between workers in wage,and capitalists in profit according to the marginal utility.,4、分配到资本家手中的,GDP,一部分用于消费,支出,剩余的用于储蓄,The profits in capitalists hands,partly for consumption,the surplus for deposit which will automatically change,into investment.,2024/11/27,5,前提条件:,1、储蓄全部自动转化为投资,投资根据固定比例的,资本-产出率转化为增加的产出(,GDP);,2、这一增大了的,GDP,又能按照一定的比例储蓄起来,用于投资,实现持续不断的增长过程。,2024/11/27,6,模型:,经济增长率=,平 均 储 蓄 率,资本-产出比率,注:有保证的经济增长率在长期中能使计划的,储蓄与计划的投资相等,从而使经济实现长期,稳定的增长率。,K,K=,C,(,资本量)这一公式反映了社会经济的,Y (,产量)技术装备程度,9%,G =,S,3:1,27,2024/11/27,7,评价,意义:,1、它强调了资本积累在经济增长中的决定作用,适用于分析发展中经济,资本稀缺,对经济发展的制约;,It is a development of Keynes theory,2、该模型的出现标志着当代经济发展理论的产生。,The appearance of this model marks the naissance of contemporary economic development theory.,正因为如此,这一模型被,广泛应用于发展中国家的,经济发展之中!,2024/11/27,8,评价,缺陷:,1,、资本,-,产出比不变的假设不合理,因为它否定了生产要素的可替代性。,The invariable ratio of capital to output hypothesis is unreasonable,because it denies that the product elements are replaceable.,2、过分依赖国家干预,忽视了市场调节作用。,It over-depends on government interference and ignores market adjustment.,:非价格模式,2024/11/27,9,评价,缺陷:,3、没有充分考虑技术进步对经济增长的重要作用:,It inadequately considers the important effect of technique,advancement on economic growth.,4、增长道路是一个,”,狭窄的刀锋,”,:经济增长,取决于储蓄。,Its designed growth route is a narrow“blade”.,2024/11/27,10,第二节,新古典(索罗)增长模型,模型:,Y=f(k.L),含义:,产出是资本和劳动投入的函数,It means that the output is the function of capital and labor input.,1、产出水平决定于资本(包括土地)和劳动投入量的大小。,2、,K、L,的比例可以通过市场价格的调节而改变:,当,K L,时,,L,价格上涨,增加,K,的使用,资本-产出比增大,,选择资本密集型技术发展经济;,当,K,Gn,经济会出现,什么情况,?,储蓄过度,积累性投资减少,经济萎缩,失业增加。,相反:则储蓄和投资未达到人口增长、技术进步允许的程度,,生产增加有充分余地,投资者将增加雇佣工人,,扩大就业,经济繁荣。,2024/11/27,16,综合分析题:,请分析比较三大经济增长模型,并加以评价,2024/11/27,17,再见,2024/11/27,18,
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