语文被动语态精讲

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,go,被动语态部分,百楼中学 张硕,英语的两大语态：主动语态和被动语态,A.,主动语态中主语是谓语动词的发出者。宾语是谓语动词的对象。,B.,被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者,(,动作的对象,),。,(,把主动语态改为被动语态也就是把,主动句中的宾语,改为,被动句的主语,，,这是最关键的着眼点,，同时谓语动词作相应的变化。,),被动语态的谓语构成,:,助动词,be,动词过去分词,(,根据句子的主语和时态，助动词,be,有,am,is,are,was,were,been,几个形式变化。,),什么时候要用被动语态呢？,在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态：,不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。,没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语态。,需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。,主动句中谓语动词的发出者由,by,引出，作为,by,的宾语，也可以省略。,请看以下主动语态和被动语态结构的转换：,主动语态,:,主语,谓语,宾语,被动语态,:,例：,We,clean,our classroom,every day,.,（主动）,注意,把主动语态改为被动语态时，句子的时态不能变。如上,例，所给的主动句子是一般现在时，改为被动语态时，也,要用一般现在时。,如果主动句中的主语是人称代词，改为被动句时作介词,by,的宾语，要用宾格。如上例中的主语,we,改为,us,。,主语,by+,宾语,be+,过去分词,Our classroom,is cleaned,by us,every day,（被动）,把下列主动句改为被动句,Lily,writes,many letters every day.,(,主动,),They,visited,this farm last year.,（主动）,We,have learned,3000 English words so far.,（主动）,Many letters,are written,by Lily,every day.,This farm,was visited,by them,last year.,3000 English words,have been learned,by us,so far.,在被动语态中要注意的问题,在上面我们已经初步了解了被动语态的构成和主动变被动的方法。下面,我们接着学习在被动语态中要注意的问题。,一些使役动词,(let,have,make,等,),或感观动词,(see,hear,watch,notice,等,),在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带,to,，但改为被动语态时，要,补上,to,。如：,The boss,makes,the workers,work,18 hours a day.,The workers are made,to work,18 hours a day by the boss.,I,saw,him,enter,the house.,He was seen,to enter,the house by me.,The teacher,let,them,leave,the classroom after class.,They were let,to leave,the classroom by the teacher after class.,We,hear,her,sing,in the room every day.,She is heard,to sing,in the room every day.,注意,当使用,see/hear/watch sb doing sth,时，变为被动语态时，,doing,保持不变。如：,I saw him,going,into the shop.(,主动,),He was seen,going,into the shop.(,被动,),使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表,主动语态,被动语态,使役动词,make sb,do,sth,sb be made,to do,sth,have sb,do,sth,sb be had,to do,sth,let sb,do,sth,sb be let,to do,sth,感观动词,see sb,do,sth,sb be seen,to do,sth,watch sb,do,sth,sb be watched,to do,sth,hear sb,do,sth,sb be heard,to do,sth,notice sb,do,sth,sb be noticed,to do,sth,go,Homework,把下列句子改为被动语态,1.We plant many trees every year.,Many trees are planted by us every year.,2.His mother made him wash his own clothes at the age of 10.,He was made to wash his own clothes by his mother at the age of 10.,含有短语的被动语态结构。,一般来说，只有及物动词才有被动语态，因为只有及物动词才有承受者。,但许多不及物动词加上副词或介词构成动词短语也相当于及物动词的用法，可以,带宾语，因而也有被动语态。动词短语主要有三种：,A,及物动词,+,副词,如：,turn off,、,set up,、,carry out,、,put off,、,take away,、,turn on,、,hand in,、,move away,、,pass on,、,write down,、,put away,、,put on,、,take down,、,send away,、,try on,、,put down,、,sell out,、,hold on,、,try out,、,send up,、,take off,、,wear out,、,wake up,、,take out,、,dress up,、,give back,、,work out,、,get back,、,find out,、,pick up,、,give up,、,pull up,、,put up,等,B,不及物动词,+,介词,如：,look after talk about play with,等,C.,“,动词,+,名词,+,介词”构成的短语,。,如：,take care of,、,pay attention to,、,make use of,等动词短语是不可,分割的整体，在变被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的副词或介词。,请看下面的例子：,They,set up,the factory in 2000.,The factory,was set up,in 2000.,Our school,will put off,the School Sports meeting until December.,The School Sports meeting,will be put off,until December.,People,have talked about,the accident.,The accident,has been,talked about,.,You,should pay more attention to,your study this year.,Your study,should be paid more attention to,this,year.,带有介词或副词的动词短语，在改为被动语态时，不能把介词或副词,拆开。,带有双宾语的被动结构在句中的使用。,有些动词可以带两个宾语，即,指人的间宾,和,指物的直宾,。可以将其中一,个宾语提到前面做主语，另一个留在后面。,Her parents,bought,her a new computer yesterday.,She,was bought,a new computer yesterday.,A new computer,was bought,for,her yesterday.,They,have given,me some good advice.,I,have been given,some good advice.,Some good advice,has been given,to,me.,She,will write,a long letter to David Smith.,A long letter,will be written,to David Smith.,David Smith,will be written,a long letter.,buy sth for sb,give sth to sb,带双宾语的动词主要有以下几个：,give,buy,sell,take,bring,make,hand,pass,keep,send,等带双宾语,的动词，改为被动语态，当用直接宾语作主语时，要根据动词的习,惯配搭、要在间接宾语前补上介词,to,或,for.,它们的句型主要有以下几个：,give sth to sb,=,give sb sthbuy sth for sb,=,buy sb sth,sell sth to sb,=,sell sb sthtake sth to sb,=,take sb sth,bring sth to sb,=,bring sb sthmake sth for sb,=,make sb sth,hand sth to sb,=,hand sb sthpass sth to sb,=,pass sb sth,keep sth for sb,=,keep sb sthsend sth to sb,=,send sb sth,例：,He passed me some paper.(,主动,),Some paper was passed to me by him.,（被动）,You must keep some fruit for him.(,主动,),Some fruit must be kept for him.,（被动）,三、一些特殊的被动结构,（,1,）某些系动词，如,feel.smell.,taste.sound,等加上形容词，,可用主动语态表被动意义。,e.g.:The food tastes delicious.,The music sounds very,familiar to me.,（,2,）动词,need.require.want.,be worth.deserve,后加,v.-ing,的主动结构常表示被动含义,e.g.:My watch cant work,it,needs repairing.,This film is really worth,seeing.,need,demand,want(,需要）,require,be worth,等后用动名词表被动。,The desk needs repairing.,The novel is worth seeing.,注意：,need,后可接动名词表被动，又可接动词不定式的被动形式。但若有附加成分有用动词不定式的被动形式。比较：,The desk needs repairing.,The desk needs to be repaired this afternoon.,4),注意动名词的被动形式，（,being done),Nobody likes being laughed of.,没人喜欢被嘲笑。,The end,翻译下列句子,电视机关掉了。,The TV set was turned off.,2.,那小偷被抓住了。,The thief was caught.,3.,所有的窗户都被打破了。,All the windows were bro