博士英语讲座(精品)

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit two Addition and Omission,2011.9,Addition,Addition(amplification)which means adding some necessary words in translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original for semantic completion and syntactic completion to make the version smoother and more idiomatic.,English and Chinese are two entirely different languages and each has its own historical and cultural background.Therefore,many ideas,idiomatic expressions and shorthand words,etc.that are well understood in the country of their origin can hardly make sense to people abroad.In this case,it is unimaginable for a translator to stick to the original pattern without alteration and consequently amplification is adopted in dealing with such occasions.,Addition in English-Chinese Translation,1.Amplification by Supplying Words Omitted in the Original,Electricity is produced if acids react more with one metal than the other.,如果酸与一种金属的反应比与另一种金属的,反应,强烈,则产生电流,.,As we know,all matter consists of molecules,and molecules of atoms.,众所周知,一切物质由分子组成,而分子由原子,组成,.,I was,and remain,grateful for the part he played in my release.,我获释了，这是他成全的，对此我,过去很感激，现在仍然很感激,。,Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.,无知是钦佩的,根源,，也是恐惧的,根源,。,I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble.,我曾经遇到的情况，不是氧气设备,出故障,，就是引擎,出故障,，或两者都,出故障,。,2.Amplification by Supplying Necessary Connectives,Other liquids being too light,a barometer uses mercury.,其他液体太轻,因此,气压表使用水银,.,Since air has weight,it exerts force on any object immersed in it.,因为空气具有重量,所以,处在空气中的任一物体都会受到空气的作用力。,3.Amplification by Supplying Words to Convey the Concept of Plurality,You must know the properties of the instrument before you use it.,在使用这种仪器前,必须弄清楚它的,各种,性能。,It has come a long way from the first objects made out of a native metal.,从用天然金属制造出第,一批,物品以来，已经过了一个漫长的过程。,4.Amplification by Supplying Words to Make an Abstract Concept Clear,Some abstract nouns in English,literally translated,would be obscure and inaccurate to the TL readers,so the addition of“,情况,”“,作用,”“,现象,”“,性,”“,效应,”“,方法,”“,过程,”“,装置,”“,设计,”,or“,变化,”,etc.are necessary.,Solution to the heating problem of the electric machine was ultimately found.,电机发热问题的解决,方法,终于找到了,.,From the viewpoint of conductivity,aluminum is a good material to be used for electric wires.,从,导电性,的观点来看,铝是做导线的好材料,.,From the evaporation of water people know that liquid can turn into gases under certain conditions.,从水的蒸发,现象,人们得知液体在一定的条件下能转化为气体,.,5.Amplification for Logic,Air pressure decreases with altitude.,气压随海拔高度,的增加,而下降。,According to scientists,it takes nature 500 years to create an inch of topsoil.,根据科学家们,的看法,，自然界要用,500,年,的时间,才能形成一英寸厚的表层土壤。,This shows that the resistance of an electric conductor is inversely proportional to its cross-section area.,这表明，导体电阻,的大小,与导体横切面,的大小,成反比。,There are three basic ways of producing or storing electricity:by generator,by battery,or by accumulator.,电的生产和储存基本有三种方法,:,一种,是用发电机,;,一种,是用电池,;,一种,是用蓄电池,.,Omission in Chinese-English Translation,1.Omission of the Unnecessary Repetition,质子带正电荷，电子带负电荷，而中子既不带,正电荷,，也不带,负电荷,。,A proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative one,but a neutron has neither.,他想停止这项试验，但我想还是,不停,为好。,He wants to stop this test but I prefer not to.,2.Omission of the Unnecessary Abstract Nouns Standing for Category,如果用电子计算机，这个计算,过程,一小时后便可以完成。,If electronic computer is used,the computation will be finished in an hour.,正在测试这种金属的磁化,强度,。,The magnetization of this metal is being tested.,3.Omission of Chinese Verbs by Using Prepositions or Prepositional Phrases,晚上在,参加,宴会、,出席,音乐会、,观看,乒乓球表演之后，他还得起草最后公报。,In the evening,after the banquet,the concert and the table tennis exhibition,he would work on the drafting of the final communiqu.,这片辽阔的土地,拥有,大量肥沃的田地，给我们提供衣食之源，这里,生长着,广袤的森林，,储藏了,丰富的矿产。,On this vast land,large areas of fertile fields provide us with food and clothing,extensive forest and rich mineral deposits.,Omission,Omission is a technique opposite to amplification.It is the way to have the meaning of the text clearly expressed and guarantees the brevity of the TL version by omitting.,In fact,one of the marked difference in syntax between English and Chinese is the disparity in wording.What is regarded as a natural or indispensable element in one language may be regarded as superfluous or even“a stumbling block”in the other.e.g.,The time-keeping devices of electronic watches are much more accurate than those of mechanical ones.,电子表比机械表准确得多。,A comparison between the Chinese version with the English original shows that many of the“redundant”English words have been omitted in the Chinese translation,otherwise,the Chinese sentence would sound wordy and unnatural.Therefore,a manipulation of the technique“omission”is always called for in English-Chinese translation.,1.Omission of the Pronoun,Pronouns are more frequently used in English than in Chinese.Therefore,when translated into Chinese,many English pronouns may be omitted so as to conform the rendering to the accustomed usage of Chinese expression