修辞格“转喻”与“提喻”的区别

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语易混修辞格,metonymy,synecdoche,Metonymy,转喻,Metonymy,:A figure of speech that consists in using the name of one thing for that of something else with which it is associated;A figure of speech which consists in substituting for the name of a thing the name of an attribute of it or of something closely related.,Metonymy,是用甲事物的名称代替乙事物的名称，而甲、乙两事物在某一方面有着密切的联系，但没有相似之点。当提到甲事物时就自然联想到乙事物。换言之，它是用与甲事物密切相关的乙事物来代替甲事物。转喻使用恰当能产生幽默、含蓄、讽刺等修辞作用。转喻是英语常用的修辞格，仅次于明喻与隐喻。,1）以容器代其内容或以容器代其容器,The kettle,(=The water in the kettle)is boiling over.壶开了。（壶中的水开了。）,The hearth/stove,(=The fire in the hearth/stove)is burning brightly.炉燃得正旺。（炉火燃得正旺。）,He set,the room,(=the people in the room)roaring with laughter.他使全屋子爆发出笑声。（他使全屋的人笑起来。）,He keeps,a good table,.(=He provides good meals/food.)他的席面总是很讲究的。（他能提供丰盛的饭菜。）,He is in his,cups,again.他又喝醉了。,Their five(=Their basketball team)has won the game.他们队赢得了这场篮球赛。,Please drink,a cup or two,.(=Please drink some tea,wine,etc.)请喝一两杯。,He kept,a fine stable,.(=fine horses.)他养了些好马。,He is fond of,the bottle,.(=the wine,liquor,etc.in the bottle.)他喜欢喝酒。,The whole village,(=The people in the village)rejoiced at news.全村的人听到这个消息很高兴。,The coat would be beyond his miserable,pocket,(=money).他的钱少得可怜，买不起那件大衣。,2)以作者代其作品；以人体部分或器官代其功能,I have read some of,Dickens and Scott and Thackeray,(=some of the works by Dickens and Scott and Thackeray.)我读过狄更斯、司各脱和萨克雷的一些作品。,Have you ever read,Dickens and Scott,(=the works by Dickens and Scott)?你读过狄更斯和司各脱的作品吗？,My uncle prefers the,Rembrandt,to the,Picasso,.我叔叔喜欢伦勃朗特画的画，不喜欢毕加索画的画。,We have several,Turners,(=pictures by Turner).我们有几张特纳所做的画。,Have you got a,Hornby,(=a copy of the dictionary by Hornby)?你有一本荷恩毕编的词典吗？,I have never read,Homer,(=the poems of Homer).我从未读过荷马的诗。,She has,a good ear,(=the power of hearing)for music.她在音乐方面很有鉴赏力。,He has,a good eye,(=the power of seeing)for beauty/the picturesque.他很会欣赏美（美的东西）。,She has,a ready tongue,(=the power of speech).她口齿伶俐。,3）以工具代其使用者或使用工具的结果,The pen,is mightier/stronger than the sword/gun.(=Those who use the pen have more influence than those who use the sword/gun.)笔杆子比枪杆子厉害。,His pen,sways over half of the civilized world.(=His writings sway over half of the civilized world.)他的作品影响着半个文明世界。,4）用人或物的显著特征代替人或物,The,blue eyes,(=people with blue eyes)walked into the office.那些蓝眼睛走进了办公室。,Young people should have more respect for,grey hairs,(=the aged/old with grey hair).年轻人应该多尊重老年人。,No cross,no,crown,.没有苦就没有甜。,5）以与甲事物密切相关的乙事物代替甲事物,The camp,(=the army),the pulpit,(=the religion)and the law for rich mens sons are free.兵营，布道坛和法律保障有钱人的子孙无忧无虑。,She took,the veil,(=a nuns head-covering)at 20.(=She became a nun at 20.)她20岁开始当尼姑。,brought to/under,the hammer,(=the mallet used at auction)(=put to auction)拿去拍卖,6）以某物的商标代替该物,You drove your fancy,Jaguar,and you took a lady friend.你开了那辆华丽的“美洲虎”轿车到那儿，还带了一位情妇去。,Did you see,a Ford,there?你看到那儿有一辆“福特”牌汽车吗？,7）以穿着代替人,Are we boys going to be beaten by a bunch of,skirts,(=girls in skirts)?我们男孩子会被一些穿裙子的女孩子打败吗？,He succeeded to the crown(=royal office).他继承了王位。,The playground roared like a rodeo,old boots,ragged stockings,torn trousers and skirts,(=children dressed in such apparel)went skating and skidding around.游乐场好像竞技场一样，人声鼎沸，穿着旧冰鞋，破长统袜，烂裙子的孩子门去滑冰、垫木侧滑。,8）以某机关、团体所在地的名称代替该机关、团体,Whitehall does not seem to care about this problem at all.看来英国政府对这个问题一点也不关心。,The White House immediately denied the story.白宫立即对这一报导予以否认。,Lights burn late in Foggy Bottom.雾谷的灯光亮至深夜。,Downing Street（唐宁街）the British government or cabinet,The White House（白宫）the President or Executive branch of the US government,The Kremlin（克里姆林宫）the government of the Soviet Union,Wall Street（华尔街）U.S.Financial circles,Capital Hill（国会山）the legislative branch of the US government,Hollywood（好莱坞）American film-making industry,The Pentagon（五角大楼）the US military establishment,Fleet Street（舰队街）the British press,Foggy Bottom（雾谷）the US State Department,Madison Avenue（麦迪逊大街）American advertising industry,Whitehall（白厅）the British government,Westminster（威斯敏斯特）the British Parliament or government,9)以某物的产地代替某物,O Knight,thou lackest a cup of,canary,when did I see you so put down?(Shakespeare:,Twelfth Night,)啊，骑士！你需一杯加那利酒，什么时候我看到你这么沉默？（注：加那利白葡萄酒原产于加那利群岛。）,Would you have a glass of,champagne,?你喝杯香槟酒好吗？（注：Champagne，法国东部一地区，所产葡萄酒很著名，通常称香槟酒。）,10）以具体代替抽象,(1)以人体器官代替其功能。如：,I have his,ear,of course.当然他听我的话。（以具体的ear代抽象的the sense of hearing.）,The colur is pleasant to the,eye,.这颜色很好看。（以具体eye的代抽象的the sense of seeing.）,I had the,muscle,and they made money out of it.我有力气，而他们就利用我的力气赚钱。（以具体的muscle代抽象的bodily strength.,Do you have the,nerve,(=cool courage)to do it?你敢做这件事吗？,（2）某些表示人或事物的可数名词前加the，表示人的特性、事物的功能、属性等。如：,When I was listening to his fiery speech,I felt,the patriot,(=the patriotic feeling)rise within my breast.当我听到他的激昂的演讲时，我的爱国心油然而生。,He lives by,the pen,(=writing).他以写作为生。,He is at home in,the saddle,(=riding on a horse).他的骑术很到家。,有些具体名词放在act,play,make后面构成习语，表示抽象概念。如：,Dont act/play the fool.(=Dont act/behave foolishly.)不要装疯卖傻。（以具体的fool代替抽象的foolishness.）,We,make pigs of ours