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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语,16,种时态,4*4,教学法,什么是时态？,所谓时态，就是指动作发生的时间和所处状态（状况）。,时态由动词的词形变化和动词的组合形式表现出来。,时态主要用于谓语动词，有些也用于非谓语动词。,时态表示的,4,种,时间,现在,-,眼下这一时刻，或一段时间。这一时间伸缩性,较大，可长可短。英语用动词原形或现在式表现在。,现在,work speak,时态表示的,4,种,时间,过去,-,指现在这时刻以前的某一时刻、某一 段时间或者所有过去时间。用动词的过去式表示过去。,worked spoke,现在,过去某一时刻,过去一段时间,时态表示的,4,种,时间,将来,-,指现在以后的任何时刻、时段或全部时间。用,will,或,shall,表示将来。,will work will speak,现在,未来 某一时刻,未来 某一段时间,时态表示的,4,种,时间,过去将来,-,在过去某时刻之后的时间。一般我们说将来是以现在为起点往未来看，而过去将来是将起点往过去移一步，即过去某时间的未来 ，比如前天是过去的，前天以后的任何时间都是前天的将来，昨天、今天、明天，以后任何时间都是前天的将来。英语用动词,would,表过去将来。,现在,过去,过去将来,时态表示的,4,种,状态,一般,-,经常性的动作、状态；一次性的动作。,经常性的动作：,I,sing,English songs every day.,经常性的状态：,We,love,China.,一次性的动作：,They,climbed,up the mountain.,时态表示的,4,种,状态,进行,-,表示在某一时刻或一段时间正在发生的动作。,某一时刻正在发生：,Jane,is writing,a letter.,某一段时间正在发生：,Now I,am working,in IBM.,时态表示的,4,种,状态,完成,-,在某一时刻前已经做完的动作或一直持续的状态。,某时刻前完成的动作：,He,has graduated,from middle school.,某一时刻前已一直持续的状态：,She,has been a nurse,for two years.,时态表示的,4,种,状态,完成进行,-,表示两个内容：在某一时刻前一直不断地进行的动作；这动作已结束了（有时也可能继续做下去）。,某时刻前一直不断地进行的动作：,你刚才一直在做什么？,What,have,you,been doing,?,I,have been playing,basketball.,归纳总结,一般时态,-,强调动作本身。具有叙述性质。,进行时态,-,强调动作的过程。具有描绘性、,生动性,完成时态,-,强调动作的结果。具有逻辑推导,性。,完成进行时态,-,强调动作的连贯不断和结果。,具有原因和过程的描述性。,表,1,16,种时态（动词型谓语）结构规律一览表,状态,基本结构,时间,一,般,进行,完成,完成进行,现在,过去,将来,过去将来,一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成 时,现在完成进行时,一般过去时,一般将来时,过去将来时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去完成进行时,将来进行时,将来完成时,将来完成 进行时,过去将来进行时,过去将来完成 时,过去将来完成进行时,状态,基本结构,V,时间,一,般,进行,完成,完成进行,be+,V-ing,现在,过去,将来,过去将来,have+,P.P,have,been +V-ing,改,1,加,1,V/ V3,V-ed,+will,+would,将基本结构,中的第一个,动词改为,原,形,或,第三人,称单数形式,将基本结构,中的第一个,动词改为动,词过去式，,特别要注意,不规则动词,的变化,在基本结构,前加上,will,就行了，,结构没有,进行变化。,在基本结构,前加上,would,就行了，结,构没有进行,变化。,第一个动词,英语中谓语动词一般由,14,个动词构成，时态变化主要表现在第一个动词上。,状态,基本结构,V,时间,一,般,进行,完成,完成进行,be+ V-ing,现在,过去,将来,过去将来,have+ P.P,have been,+V-ing,V/ V3,V-ed,+will,+would,work,work,s,am,working,is,working,are,working,have,worked,has,worked,have,been working,has,been working,work,ed,was,working,were,working,had,worked,had,been,working,will,work,shall,work,wil,l,be working,shall,be,working,will,have worked,shall,have worked,will,have been working,shall,have been working,would,work,should,work,would,be working,should,beworking,would,have been working,should,have been working,would,have worked,should,have worked,状态,基本结构,时间,一,般,进行,完成,完成进行,现在,过去,将来,过去将来,do,does,am doing,is doing,are doing,have done,has done,have been doing,has been doing,did,was doing,were doing,had done,had been doing,will do,should do,will be doing,should be doing,will have done,shall have done,will have been doing,shall have been doing,would work,should work,would be doing,should be doing,would have done,should have done,would have been doing,should have been doing,以动词,do,为例,词进行,练习。,先结构，,后改,1,，,和加,1,熟记基本结构，灵活应用规则,表,2,10,种时态（系表型谓语）结构规律一览表,状态,基本结构,时间,一,般,进行,完成,现在,过去,将来,过去将来,had,been+ P.,am is are,have has,+P.,am is are,being+P,.,been+P,.,be being +P.,have been +P.,be+P,.,was wer,wil,shall,will,have been +P.,was were,+P.,be+P,.,being+P,.,would,have been+P,.,would should,be+P,.,状态,基本结构,时间,一,般,进行,完成,现在,过去,将来,过去将来,have has,was were,wil,shall,would should,was wer,had,been+ P.,am is are,+P.,am is are,being+P,.,been+P,.,will,have been +P.,+P.,be+P,.,being+P,.,would,have been+P,.,be+P,.,无,have/has been + ving,+,done,had been + ving,+,done,will have been + ving,+done,would have been + ving,+done,状态,基本结构,V,时间,一,般,进行,完成,完成进行,be+ V-ing,现在,过去,将来,过去将来,have+ P.P,have been,+V-ing,V/ V3,V-ed,+will,+would,am is are done,am/is/are being done,have,/has been done,was/were done,was /were being done,had,been done,will,/,shall,be done,shall/will have been done,would should be done,无,would/ would have been done,
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