111英语句子成分及练习课件好

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,语法复习-,句子成分及练习,句子成份,句子一般由两个部分组成：,主语部分（,subject group,）,谓语部分（,predicate group,）,句子成份：,主,谓,宾,表,补,定,状,Members of sentence:,S-subject,P-predicative,O-object,Attri.-attribute,Adv.-adverb,Oc-object complement,主,宾,表,补,定,状,句子成分及其划分符号：,主语,谓语,宾语,定语,状语,补语,（）,句子成分划分方法：,主语：一般由名词、代词充当,谓语：一般由动词、形容词充当,宾语：一般由名词、代词充当,定语：用在主语、宾语前面，起限定作用,状语：用在谓语前面，起修饰作用,补语：用在谓语后面，起补充作用,（前）,（中）,（后）,例如：,1、我国的石拱桥有悠久的历史。,（）,（）,位置,句子成分划分方法：,主语：一般由名词、代词充当,谓语：一般由动词、形容词充当,宾语：一般由名词、代词充当,定语：用在主语、宾语前面，起限定作用,状语：用在谓语前面，起修饰作用,补语：用在谓语后面，起补充作用,（前）,（中）,（后）,例如：,2、一大早，勤奋的同学们就安静地坐在教室里认真地复习各门功课。,（）,（）,位置,一、句子成分,（一）句子成分的定义：,构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。,句子成分有,主要成分,和,次要成分,；,主要成分有主语和谓语；,次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和,插入语,。,主语,主语,是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由,名词、代词、不定代词、to do/doing或相当于名词的单词或短语,来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如：讲述“谁”,注意：,但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。,主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：,1.During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.,2.We often speak English in class.,3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.,4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.,5.Smoking does harm to the health.,6.The rich should help the poor.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（不定式）,（动名词）,（名词化的形容词）,7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.,8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.,（主语从句）,（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）,谓语,谓语用来说明主语“,做什么,”、“,是什么,”或“,怎么样,”，,谓语必须是动词,，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致(,主谓一致,)。,（三）谓语,谓语(Predicate)说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：,1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：,He practices running every morning.,The plane took off at ten oclock.,（三）谓语,2、复合谓语：,（1）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如：,You may keep the book for two weeks.,（2）由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。如：,Do you speak English？,They are working in a field.,He has caught a bad cold.,（3）由系动词加表语构成。如：,We are students.,注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。,（四）表语,表语(Predicative),用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。,表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如：,1.Our teacher of English is an,American,.,（名词）,2.Is it,yours,?,（代词）,3.The weather has turned,cold,.,（形容词）,4.The speech is,exciting.,（分词）,5.Three times seven is,twenty one,?,（数词）,6.His job is,to teach English,.,（不定式）,7.His hobby is,playing football,.,（动名词）,8.The meeting is,of great importance,.,（介词短语）,9.Time is,up,.The class is,over,.,（副词）,10.The truth is,that he has never been abroad,.,（表语从句）,注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。,1）,状态系动词,用来表示主语状态，只有,be,一词，例如：,He,is,a teacher.,2）,持续系动词,用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有,keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：He always,kept,silent at meeting.,3）,表像系动词,用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有,seem,appear,look,例如：He,seems,(to be)very sad.,注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。,4）,感官系动词,主要有,feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：This kind of cloth,feels,very soft.,5）,变化系动词,表示主语变成什么样，主要有,become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run,.例如：The river was beginning to,run,dry.,6）,终止系动词,表示主语已终止动作，主要有,prove,turn out,表达“结果是;证明是”，之意，例如：The rumor,proved,false.,His plan,turned out,a success.,（五）宾语,宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：,1.He is doing his homework.,2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.,3.How many dictionaries do you have?I have five.,（名词）,（代词、动名词）,（名词、数词）,4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.,5.He pretended not to see me.,6.I enjoy listening to popular music.,7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.,（名词化形容词，名词）,（不定式短语）,（动名词短语）,（宾语从句）,宾语种类,：,（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend,me your dictionary,please.,To:,write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等，例如：,He sent the novel to William yesterday.,For:,leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等，例如：,She bought a gift for her mother.,（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：,They elected,him their monitor,.,宾语补足语,在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“,宾语宾语补足语,”合起来称为,复合宾语,。,复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个句子的意思。,名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语。,（六）宾语补足语,宾语补足语（Object Complement），用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”一般可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：,1.His father named him Tom.,2.They painted the wall white.,3.Let the dog out.,4.We invite you to bring your family and friends on that special day.,5.We saw her entering the room.,6.We found everything in the room in good order.,7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.,（名词）,（形容词）,（副词）,（不定式短语）,（现在分词）,（介词短语）,（从句）,宾语（双宾语）分为直接宾语和间接宾语.,直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人,.,间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面，但必须加to 或 for。,He gave,me,some books,.,间接,宾语,直接,宾语,（七）定语,修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。,定语可由以下等成分表示：,1.Guilin is a,beautiful,city.,（形容词）,2.China is a,developing,country;England is a,developed,country.,（分词）,3.There are ten,men,English,teachers in our school.,（名词）（形容词）,4.,His,rapid progress in English made us surprised.,（代词）,5.Our monitor is always the last,to leave the classroom,.,（不定式短语）,6.The,teaching,plan for next term has been worked out.,（动名词）,7.He is reading an article,about how to