词类与结构转译法

,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Unit 5-2,常用翻译技巧二,:,词性与结构的转换,“,词性和结构的转换”是指译文中的词语和原文中的词语在类别、性质上发生了转换,或者是相关成分在句子结构中发生了改变。此译法是翻译中最为常用的变通手段，是突破原文词法、句法格局，化阻滞为通达的重要方法。离开必要的词性转换，势必会导致生硬拗口甚至是晦涩难懂的译文。,转换词性要本着忠实于原文含义、有助于译文通顺流畅原则。,从理论上说,：词性的转换没有限制。比如：名词可以转换成动词、形容词、副词等，动词可又转换成名词、动词等，不一而足。,从实践上说,：英汉语的词性转换也有一定规律。最明显的一点是,英语较喜欢多用,名词,和,介词,，而汉语则多用,动词,。,(Part-of-speech and Structural Transformations),1,、,The happiness of having such a sister was their first,effusion,and the fair ladies mingled in embraces and tears of joy.,她们首先,倾吐,了要做姑嫂的喜悦，两位小姐高兴地一次次拥抱，洒下了欣喜的泪花。,(,名词动词,),2,、,Tesss,pride,would not allow her to turn her head again,to learn what her father s meaning was,if he had any,苔丝,出于自尊,，,不愿再回头去看父亲在搞什么名堂，如果他真的在搞什么名堂的话,(,名词动词,),English-Chinese Written Translation.Copyright(C)2006 by,Wei,Jianhua,.All Rights Reserved,3.I saw that his face was pale.I followed his eyes,across the room to a Woman who was setting a tray of,drinks,before,some customers.,我见他脸色煞白。我循着他的目光，看到餐厅那边有个女人,端着托盘（在）给几位客人,上,饮料。（介词动词）,4.Father passed his hand,over,his face.,父亲用手摸了摸脸。（介词动词）,5.,He,is admired by,everybody,.,大家都很敬佩他。（被动主动；主语,宾语）,English-Chinese Written Translation.Copyright(C)2006 by,Wei,Jianhua,.All Rights Reserved,4.,Pictures,show him in the company of men like,Churchill,Einstein and Gandhi.,在这些照片中,我们可以看到他和邱吉尔、爱因斯坦、,甘地这些人的交往。（主语,状语,；,名词,介词短语）,5.He drew a,deep,breath.,他,深深地,吸了一口气。（定语,状语；形容词,副词）,English-Chinese Written Translation.Copyright(C)2006 by,Wei,Jianhua,.All Rights Reserved,4,）,For a long time,China has dreamed of opening its doors and inviting the worlds athletes,to,Beijing,for,the Olympic Games.,(Jacques Rogge,Olympic Committee president,）,很久以来，中国一直梦想着打开国门，邀请世界各地的运动员,来,北京,参加,奥运会。,(,国际奥委会主席,雅克,罗格,),（介词动语,),English-Chinese Written Translation.Copyright(C)2006 by,Wei,Jianhua,All Rights Reserved,P.S.,倒译与顺译,倒译：即与原文的语序相反,是语法上的需要。,顺译：即与原文的语序相同（此处略）,。,1.The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will have,independent finances,.,香港特别行政区将保持,财政独立,。（形、名倒译）,2.Advance was slow,however,because of the,powerful opposition to scientific methods and ideas.,然而，由于科学方法和科学理论的抵触非常顽强,，这一进展非常缓慢。（状语及状语从句与主句位置提前）,English-Chinese Written Translation.Copyright(C)2006 by,Wei,Jianhua,All Rights Reserved,科学家必须接受事实，即使,这些事实,并非,他们,所希望看到的。,（主宾颠倒；后一句也可译成“即使他们不情愿见到这些事实”，但语气稍重些。）,3.Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually,for weeks,and deep languor had succeeded,this passionate struggle,.,好几个星期以来,，愤怒和痛苦一直在折磨着我，,激烈的挣扎过后,则是深深的疲惫。,（由于动词的原因，根据汉,语习惯，该词前后的内容进行了倒译，同时介词短语,for weeks,也进行了倒译）,4.Scientists must accept facts even when,they,would,like,them,to be different.,