教育精品：宾语从句 (4)

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,Object clauses,宾语从句,一、宾语从句的概念,在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做,宾语从句,。,We know,that,Mr,Green teaches English.,She asked,if these answers were right.,二、宾语从句三要素,引导词（连接词）,语 序,时 态,1.I hear(that)_.,2.He said(that)_.,3.The teacher told us(that)_ _.,he will be back in an hour,he missed us very much,the earth moves,由,that,引导的宾语从句,注：,that,在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不充当成分，在口语当中往往省略。,around the sun,Object clauses with,that,连词,that,不能省略的几种情况,在由,that,引导的宾语从句中，由于连词,that,只起引导功能，无具体意义，不担当任何成份，因此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。然而，大凡规则总有例外的情况，在下列,that,引导的宾语从句中，,that,则不能省略。,1.,从句的主语是,that,。如：,He says,that,that is a real kings hat.,他说那是一个真的王冠。,2.that,从句中含有主从复合句。如：,Im afraid,that,if youve lost it,you must pay for it.,3.,主、从句之间有插入语时。如：,It says here,on this card,that,it was used in plays.,卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用的。,4.,若出现两个或两上以上的由,that,引导的宾语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连词,that,可以省略。如：,She said(,that,)she would come and,that,she would also bring her son.,她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来。,These planet will produce food and oxygen that we need to live on Mars.,Scientists will develop plants that can grow on Mars.,People think that humans on Mars have to wear special boots to make themselves heavier.,We all know that Mars is a planet in the solar system.,The journey to Mars could take only a very short time in space shuttles that travel at half the speed of light.,Some scientists do not believe that the journey to Mars will be very comfortable.,Which of the following sentences has an object clause?,.if,和,whether,引导宾语从句时，作“是否”讲，一般情况下，二者没有区别，可以换用。但,if,常用于口语中，,whether,比较正式。如：,Millie asked,if/whether,he liked this sweater.,米莉问他是否喜欢这件毛衣。,The fisherman wants to know,if/whether,it will rain.,渔民想知道天是否会下雨。,Object clauses with,if,and,whether,由,if,/,whether,引导的宾语从句,.if,和,whether,引导宾语从句时，要注意宾语从句三要素，即连词、语序和时态。由于,if,和,whether,连接的是一般疑问句，因此要注意把从句语序改为陈述句语序。如：,Does,Mr,Zhao live in Room 208?Could you tell me?,Could you tell me,if/whether,Mr,Zhao lives in Room 208?,.if,和,whether,的区别,二者在下列几种情况下不能换用：,1.,宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，应用,whether,，不用,if,。如：,Whether,this is true or not,I cant say.,这是否对，我不能说。,2.,宾语从句与,or not,直接连用时，应用,whether,，不能用,if,。如：,I dont know,whether or not,he will come tomorrow.,我不知道他明天是否来。,3.,与动词不定式连用时，只能用,whether,。如：,She cant decide,whether to go,to America.,她不能决定是否去美国。,4.,从句作介词宾语时，只能用,whether,。如：,I worry,about whether,I hurt her feeling.,我担心是否伤了她的感情。,5.,宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时，只能用,if,，不能用,whether,。如：,Tom wants to know,if,she wont come here tomorrow.,汤姆想知道她明天是否不来这儿。,6.if,意为“假如，如果”时，可以引导条件状语从句，而,whether,没有这个用法。如：,If,Simon comes here tomorrow,Ill call you.,假如西蒙明天来这儿，我将打电话告诉你。,1.,若主句是一般现在时，从句用任何所需时态。如：,He wants to know if/,whether,they had a good journey home.,他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。,宾语从句中时态的变化,She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday.,她说她从周一至周五上班。（从句是一般现在时）,She says(that)she will leave a message on his desk.,她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。（从句是一般将来时）,She says(that)she has never been to Mount,Emei,.,她说她从来没有去过峨嵋山。（从句是现在完成时）,2.,若主句是一般过去时，从句则用跟过去相关的时态。即一般现在时变为一般过去时、现在进行时变为过去进行时、一般将来时为过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过去完成时。,Did the train leave?She didnt know.,She didnt know if/whether the train had left.,从句时态改成相应的过去时态,一般现在时,一般将来时,一般过去时,现在完成时,现在进行时,一般过去时,过去将来时,过去完成时,过去完成时,过去进行时,主句时态是过去时,He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.,他说昨天下午没有课。,(,从句是一般过去时,),He said(that)he was going to take care of the baby.,他说他会去照看这个婴儿。,(,从句是过去将来时,),He said(that)they were having a meeting at that time.,他说他们那时正在开会。,(,从句是过去进行时,),1.,从句表达的是客观真理,用一般现在时,2.,从句中有明确表示过去时间的词,则从句依然是一般过去时,注意：,The teacher told us that light,travels,faster than sound.,He wondered if you,studied,in the USA in 1990.,主句时态,从句时态,一般现在时、一般将来时、祈使句时,根据句意的需要用任意一种时态,一般过去时,与原句相对应的过去的时态,客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言警句、谚语等,一律用一般现在时,宾语从句歌,学习宾从三注意，时态语序和连词。,时态主从要呼应：,主句若为现在时，从句时态随句意；,主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去；,宾从若是表真理，时态不变无质疑。,语序要用陈述序，切莫照搬疑问句。,That,连接陈述句，省与不省要注意。,从句若表“是否”时，,if/whether,要慎记。,特殊问句作宾语，仍用原来疑问词。,三个问题需牢记，切莫丢东忘了西。,1.I dont know if Mr.Wang _ on a field trip.If he _ on a field trip tomorrow,please call me.,A.goes;will go B.will go;goes,C.will go;will go D.goes;goes,2.She asked me if I knew _.,A.whose pen was it B.whose pen it was,C.whose pen it is D.whose pen is it,B,B,Choose the right answers.,3.They wondered if the teacher _ us English the next term.,A.would teach B.had taught,C.will teach D.taught,4.The boy asked _ any noise from outside.,A.whether had I heard,B.whether I had heard,C.whether have I heard,D.whether I have heard,A,B,5.I havent decide,_,Ill go out or stay at home.,A.if B.when,C.why D.whether,6.I want to know _ he loves you.,A.that B.what,C.if,D,.who,D,C,7.I wondered _ our teacher was going to attend our party.,A.whether B.what,C.where D.that,8.Id like to know _ or not.,A.whether will he come,B.whether has he come,C.whether he will come,D.if he will come,A,C,根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子。,1.,我认为玛丽不来了。,I dont think Mary _ _.,2.,山姆给我说他准备去上海。,Sam told me that he _ _ for Shanghai.,3.,我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。,I want to know _ there is a train to Beijing tonight.,will,come,was,leaving,if/,whether,改为含宾语从句的复合句,1.Will the train arrive on time?I wan