第35讲-阅读理解课件

,完形填空,阅读理解,词汇运用,语法填空,任务型阅读,书面表达,完形填空,阅读理解,词汇运用,语法填空,任务型阅读,书面表达,完形填空,阅读理解,词汇运用,语法填空,任务型阅读,书面表达,重点单词,阅读理解,词汇运用,语法填空,任务型阅读,书面表达,完形填空,阅读理解,词汇运用,语法填空,任务型阅读,书面表达,完形填空,阅读理解,词汇运用,语法填空,任务型阅读,书面表达,先悟后练,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,1,答题技巧指导,1.猜词析义题,此类试题测试考生根据上下文理解推测并判断该词或句子在文章中的确切含义的能力。,猜词析义题的解题技巧为：,(1)判断某些生词有没有猜测的必要。,(2)根据定义、解释来猜测。,如：A calendar is a timetable of the days，weeks，months of a certain year.,从所下的定义a timetable of the days，weeks，months of a certain year中可以猜出calendar的意思为“日历”。,(3)根据构词法，派生、合成、转化来猜测。,如：When a wise person misuses his wisdom，he will do a great harm to society.,我们都知道use的意思是“使用”，mis是否定前缀，所以可猜出该词的意思为“误用”。,(4)根据同义词、反义词关系或对比、转折关系来猜测。,如：Unlike his brother，who is a handsome man，John is quite homely.,从unlike可看出John和他哥哥(弟弟)正好相反，他哥哥(弟弟)是用handsome来形容的，由此可猜出homely的意思是“不好看的”。,(5)根据同位语关系来猜测。,如：Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1847 in Edinburgh，Scotland.His father is an expert in phonetics，the study of the sounds of language.,由phonetics的同位语从句the study of the sounds of language可猜出该词的意思为“语音学”。,(6)根据因果关系来猜测。,如：She felt grieved，for her parents both died weeks ago.,由该词后的原因状语从句for her parents both died weeks ago可猜出该词的意思为“悲痛的”。,(7)根据上下文线索猜测。,如：The lack of movement caused the muscles(肌肉)to weaken.Sometimes the weakness was permanent.So the player could never play the sport again.,由上文The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken知道是：运动的缺乏导致肌肉萎缩，以及下文So the player could never play the sport again知道：这位运动员再也无法做运动了，可以猜出permanent的意思为“永久的，永恒的”。,(8)根据生活常识和经验来猜测。,如：In old days，when girls from rich families were married to their husbands，they expected to bring with themselves with a large amount of dowry.,上文提到了girls from rich families were married to their husbands来自富有家庭的女孩要出嫁，可猜出她们当然希望带上大量的“嫁妆”。,2.细节理解题,此类题就是我们常见的wh题，有些问题可以在文中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化理解后才能找到，比如说通过计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。具体方法为：先用寻读法找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关的部分进行细读，找出正确答案。,细节理解题的解题技巧为：,(1)直接事实题：解答此类问题时要求抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。,(2)间接事实题：解答此类题需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断，梳理一下文章的脉络，找出支持每个现象的句子。所以做间接事实题时，A、B、C、D四个选项要全看。,通常以下列形式出现：,Which of the following is TRUE？,Which of the following is NOT true？,Which of the following is WRONG？,From the passage we know,.,3.推理判断题,此类题要求考生透过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意义，检测考生的逻辑判断能力。考生要领会材料的抽象含义以及全篇的逻辑关系，并根据常识，或者依靠推理、判断得出结论。通常以这样的形式出现：What can you infer from the passage？,推理判断题的解题技巧为：,(1)推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节，要对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事、以偏概全。,(2)根据文章的内容，进行合理地判断，切忌根据自己的观点或已有的经验去揣测。,(3)把握作者的观点、态度或写作的目的，借助上下文，领会“弦外之音”，避免“自己想当然”。,4.主旨大意题,此类题用来检测考生是否拥有掌握阅读材料的主旨或大意的能力。通常以下列形式出现：,The main idea of the passage is.,The passage is about.,What is the best title of the passage？,Whats the writers purpose of writing this article？,Which may be the best title for the passage？,主旨大意题的解题技巧为：,(1)首先要搞清楚是问某一段还是全文的大意。可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。,(2)如有标题，标题中所蕴含的信息往往是关键信息；同时也要关注文章的首尾(那往往是文章的主题句)，或每段的首句(那往往是该段的主题句)。,(3)任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫主题词。抓住了它也就抓住了文章的中心。,(4)学会捕捉作者的态度、意图，即通常所谓“弦外之音，言外之意”，从而了解作者写这篇文章的目的所在。总之，做阅读题要记得：一读，二找，三思，四查。,5.结构顺序题,常见提问方式：,How is the passage organized？,Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage？,The author develops the passage mainly by.,结构顺序题的解题技巧为：,(1)注意主题段。主题段通常在文章的开头，简要概括了文章的中心思想。,(2)找出或者总结每段的主题句。主题句可能在段落的开头，也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾。如何确定主题句的方法见主旨题之main idea型。,(3)最后根据每段主题确定段与段之间的结构关系，承上启下，使文章行文连贯，逻辑严密。为突出主题，作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。,【典例分析】(2018宁波),In our culture，the ability to make ones own decisions is important.John F.Kennedys quote(引语)“Too often we enjoy the comfort of opinion without the discomfort of thought.”shows an unpleasant truth.,Much of what we know and believe has been taught to us by others，and we often accept this information without spending much time thinking it over for ourselves.,In todays world，we are being presented with information，ideas and beliefs，but many of them are against each other.Psychology(心理学)tells us that if we hear an idea enough times，or if it comes from someone we respect(尊敬)，we will probably believe that idea.In these cases，we base our opinions on the opinions of others.If each of us does not think about this information for ourselves and come to our own conclusions，we will become nothing more than parrots(鹦鹉)quoting the opinions of others.,Examples of spreading fake news without thought can be seen on the Internet.Some people believe whatever they read and then share the story without thinking about the facts.All it takes is one quick click(点击)of the“share”button，and the story travels on its way to influence even more unthinking readers.This can cause serious problems.,If we just stop for a moment to think about what we read and hear，and form our own opinions，we will be more thoughtful，more independent，and more creative people，but few take that time.Yet we need not lose heart over this bad habit.In fact，simply becoming aware(意识到)of it is the first step towards correcting it.Once we become aware that we tend(趋向)to hold opinions and beliefs without thinking them through，we can change that pattern of behaviour.Hopefully，we can learn