英语长难句课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语长难句分析,英语长难句分析,1,在阅读中，我们经常会遇到一些长而难的句子。长难句通常含有较多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。长难句的丰富内容和复杂结构往往会导致理解的困难。理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关键部分。,在阅读中，我们经常会遇到一些长而难的句子。长难句通常含有较,2,长难句分析步骤,1、首先确定句子是简单句、复合句或并列句。,2、如果是简单句，首先确定主谓结构；接着确定宾语和宾语补足语（如有的话）；然后确定定语和状语等次要成分，即找出主语、谓语和宾语各自的修饰语。按照所确定的各个成分，给出全句大意（可用翻译法）。译文意思应当通顺，并和上下文意义基本吻合。如意义出入较大，文理不通，则分析可能有误，这时应考虑重新进行句子结构分析。,3、如果是并列句，首先应找出并列连词并把全句分解为若干个分句；接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意；然后将全句综合考虑。,4、如果是复合句，首先找出从属连词并确定出主句，这时应特别注意连词省略现象和多义连词在句中的确切含义；接着按照简单句的分析方法再细分各分句的内部结构和句意；然后确定从句的性质，即该从句在句中修饰什么词语或结构；最后整体考虑全句大意，尤其要注意对修饰语的判断是否准确。,长难句分析步骤,3,三、长难句分析的注意事项,在分析句子成分时，还应特别注意下列几点：,1、是否有同位语和插入语。,2、是否有省略、倒装和分隔等现象。,3、替代词的所指对象。,4、判断并列成分的层次。,5、句首的并列连词and、or、but、for通常起承上启下的作用，不要将他们归入后文的句法分析。,6、在从句多的句子中，从句中又包含从句的现象。,7、非限定动词短语在句中作次要成分（定语和状语）时又带着自己较长的从属成分，尤其是状语从句或宾语从句时的结构分析。,8、在有多个从句的复合句和并列句中，状语（单个词、短语或从句）究竟是全句的修饰语还是某个从句或词语的修饰语。,三、长难句分析的注意事项,4,长难句分析实例,1.The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas-legends handed down from one generation of story-tellers to another.,解读:legends作sagas的同位语,后接被动分词短语做定语。,基本结构：主定谓宾同位。,翻译:他们保存历史的唯一方法是把历史作为英雄故事讲述-由说书者代代相传。,长难句分析实例1.The only way that t,5,2.One can tell the difference almost at a glance for the spider always has eight legs and an insect never more than six.,解读:主谓宾+原因状语（省略句）,an insect never more than six 应该理解为昆虫只有六条腿而不是昆虫绝不多于六条腿,全句翻译如下:,翻译:谁都可以一眼就看出蜘蛛与昆虫不同,蜘蛛都是八条腿,而昆虫最多只有六条。,2.One can tell the difference,6,3.Such inns as there were dirty and flea-ridden;the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old,all washed down with coarse wine.,解读:第二个分句中,simply是副词，意为“食物只有.”，而accompanied含被动意思，说明人们把陈面包和乳酪搭配着吃，并不是乳酪自己同面包相配。第二句作者把谓语省略了。,翻译：那里的小旅店通常又肮脏，跳蚤又多吃的食物仅仅是当地产的乳酪加上存放了一年之久的面包，大家只能就着下等酒把它们吞下去,3.Such inns as there were dir,7,4.The gorilla is something of a paradox in the African scene.,解读：这里的paradox并不是说猩猩是自相矛盾的动物，而是指人们对其捉摸不透。,翻译：大猩猩是非洲景观中有点让人捉摸不透的家伙。,4.The gorilla is something of,8,5.All this and many other things remain almost as much a mystery as they were when the French explorer Du Chaillu first described the animal to the civilized world a century ago.,解读:句子是一个比较复杂的主从复合长句，应该采用分句法，逆序法来译，先将when引导的状语从句译，再译出主句。,翻译：100年前法国探险家Du Chaillu第一次向文明世界叙述过这种动物，如今这一切和其他许多事情几乎像100年前一样，仍然是个谜。,5.All this and many other thin,9,6.I would have been very pleased to be regarded as something so interesting as a problem.For one thing,being a problem gives you a certain identity,and that is one of the things the young are busily engaged in seeking.,解读:identity指的是与众不同的个性，不是指身份,翻译：假如有人认为我是一个麻烦的话，我一定会感到十分得意。至少，被人看成问题会使别人在某种程度上认识我是谁。这点正是年轻人所热衷追求的事情之一。,6.I would have been very pleas,10,7.On the village green,where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved,it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise.,解读：local patriotism是热爱本乡本土之心，注意不要理解成地方主义（localism）,翻译：当你在乡村的草坪上比赛时，随意分为两边，并不存在热不热爱本地区的问题，只有这个时候才有可能为了娱乐和锻炼而进行比赛。,7.On the village green,where,11,8.In textile areas it has long been customary for mothers to go out to work,but this practice has become so widespread that the working mother is now a not unusual factor in a childs home life,the number of married women in employment having more than doubled in the last twenty-five years.,解读：作为一个复合句，原文包含三个意思，主要应当注意几个动词的不同时态，从而分清楚三层意思之间的关系。,翻译：虽然在那些纺织工业区，母亲出去上班早已司空见惯，但是现在这种现象更为普遍，如今儿童的家庭生活中，母亲去上班已经是习以为常的事情了。因为在最近二十五年中，已婚妇女就业的人数已经增加了一倍多。,8.In textile areas it has long,12,9.It is unusual now for father to pursue his trade or other employment at home,and his children rarely,if ever,see him at his place of work.,翻译：现在做父亲的一般都不在家里干本行活计或者其他行当，而他的孩子们即便有可能的话，也很少能在他的工作场所见到他。,9.It is unusual now for fathe,13,10.Everyone knows that if he shouts in the vicinity of a wall or a mountainside,an echo will come back.,翻译：大家都知道，假如一个人在墙壁附近或是山腰里大声呼喊，就会产生一个回音。,10.Everyone knows that if he,14,11.In our new society there is a growing dislike of original,creative men.The manipulated do not understand them;the manipulators fear them.The tidy committee men regard them with horror,knowing that no pigeonholes can be found for them.,解读:主要考虑tidy的讽刺语气。,翻译:在现代社会里，人们对开拓型的有创造力的人有一种与日俱增的厌恶情绪。受人摆布的人不理解他们，摆布别人的人害怕他们。衣冠楚楚的委员们知道不可能使他们就范，因此怀着恐惧的心理看待他们。,11.In our new society there i,15,12.These days,it is differences in national regulations,far more than tariffs,that put sand in the wheels of trade between rich countries.,解读:强调句型，put sand in the wheels v.妨碍,捣乱,翻译:当前，是各国管理条例上的差异，而不是关税阻碍了发达国家之间的贸易。,12.These days,it is differe,16,13.As it happens,a razor that is safe in Europe is unlikely to electrocute Americans.So,ask businesses on both sides of the Atlantic,why have two lots of tests where one would do?,解读:So.?为直接引语的一种表述方法。,翻译:实际上，在欧洲使用安全的剃须刀不大可能使美国人触电身亡，因此，大西洋两岸的企业都在问，当一套测试可以解决问题时，为什么需要两套呢？,13.As it happens,a razor tha,17,14.The Americans would happily reach one accord on standards for medical devices and then hammer out different pacts covering,say,electronic goods and drug manufacturing.,解读:hammer out指经过不断的或艰苦的努力达到，实现；sayfor example,翻译:美国人很愿意就医疗器械的标准达成一个协议，然后推敲出不同的合同，用以涵盖-比如说-电子产品和药品的