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,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,2005 by Dr.Meng Xu,Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital University of Medical Science,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,二尖瓣成形环的合理应用,首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院孟 旭,GW-ICC 2023,2024/11/23,2023 by Dr.Meng Xu,Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital University of Medical Science,2,二尖瓣装置不同部位在不同病理转变下的变化,2024/11/23,2023 by Dr.Meng Xu,Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital University of Medical Science,3,瓣环修复术的进展 从1955年临床上能实行心内直视手术后的几年中,由于尚不能常规应用人造瓣膜,故有几位争论者对不同形式的二尖瓣成形术进展了探究,其中最耐用的技术分别由Lillehei、Merendino以及Wooler所制造,但由于有很多病人效果不佳,到了1961年和1962年人工瓣膜的临床应用后,人们渐渐失去了对瓣膜成形术的兴趣。,2024/11/23,2023 by Dr.Meng Xu,Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital University of Medical Science,4,瓣环修复术的进展,1960年McGoon等报告了通过折叠脱垂后叶治疗单纯后叶腱索断裂,然后进展缝线缩环成形术。,1963年Kay和Egerton描述了选择性瓣环成形术,即对于因冠状动脉疾病引起的后叶腱索断裂导致二尖瓣关闭不全的病人,承受缝线缩环成形技术。,1965年Reed等在纽约大学报告了非对称性瓣环成形技术,该技术主要折叠后叶瓣环和局部折叠前叶瓣环,使二尖瓣交界处变窄。,2024/11/23,2023 by Dr.Meng Xu,Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital University of Medical Science,5,1968年Carpentier施行了第一例承受人工环的二尖瓣环成形术。,1980年Reed等总结了196例病人的阅历,觉察仅8%的病人需再次手术,发生血栓率也很低。,1992年Czer等报告了60例冠心病合并有二尖瓣关闭不全的病人,对27例用Carpentier环行瓣环成形术和33例用Kay缝合交界瓣环成形术的结果进展比较。前者比缝线法更能使二尖瓣环缩小,且在订正二尖瓣关闭不全方面的结果远为优越96%对67%但两组间一年内的生存率相像,临床状况的改善也相像。,瓣环修复术的进展,2024/11/23,2023 by Dr.Meng Xu,Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital University of Medical Science,6,后来争论显示二尖瓣环是一个呈非平面的“马鞍形”空间构像,并且随着心动周期发生立体形态和大小的变化,这种变化率达2035%.争论观看到应用硬质二尖瓣环行二尖瓣修复术后,不但人体二尖瓣环被强制成与人工成形环形态相像的“D”形,破坏了生理性的二尖瓣环立体形态,而且二尖瓣环的口径保持相对固定,二尖瓣口面积从而失去了周期性的变化。,1975 年Duran针对Carpentier硬质二尖瓣环的这项缺点,设计出Duran 软环并于首次应用于临床,瓣环修复术的进展,2024/11/23,2023 by Dr.Meng Xu,Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital University of Medical Science,7,1998年Eisenmann报告96例后叶脱垂患者承受二尖瓣成形术而不用人工瓣环,术后5年90%患者不需再手术。,2023年Nagy报告130例缝线环缩二尖瓣环术,术后5年生存率为86.5%。,2023年Maisano报告81例单纯“Edge-to-Edge”二尖瓣成形术中期随访结果,术后4年无再手术率为89%。,瓣环修复术的进展,2024/11/23,2023 by Dr.Meng Xu,Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital University of Medical Science,8,二尖瓣的解剖构造特点,2024/11/23,2023 by Dr.Meng Xu,Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital University of Medical Science,9,二尖瓣环解剖,Mitral annulus anatomy,二尖瓣环分为前瓣环和后瓣环。前瓣环约占整个瓣环的三分之一,(1),左纤维三角,-,位于二尖瓣前叶与主动脉左冠瓣的接合部,(2),右纤维三角,-,是房室膜性间隔,是二尖瓣,三尖瓣和主动脉根部的交合点,而且也称之为心脏中心纤维体。,2024/11/23,2023 by Dr.Meng Xu,Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital University of Medical Science,10,二尖瓣瓣环的纤维不连续性,Disconnection of mitral annulus,A:二尖瓣环全部为纤维成分组成,B:二尖瓣环仅左右纤维三角为纤维成分组成,C:二尖瓣环的纤维成分非对称性缺失,D:二尖瓣环的纤维成分连续对称性缺失,2024/11/23,2023 by Dr.Meng Xu,Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital University of Medical Science,11,二尖瓣瓣环的立体动态构造Dynamic structure of mitral annulus,二尖瓣环呈马鞍型(或D型或肾型),水平和垂直面均可以运动和形态转变,瓣环最小直径与最大直径的比值约为0.75。鞍型瓣环的最高点位于二尖瓣前环中点,二尖瓣环水平方向后瓣环在心脏收缩期移向前环而舒张期远离二尖瓣前环。,2024/11/23,2023 by Dr.Meng Xu,Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital University of Medical Science,12,二尖瓣环垂直方向,瓣环整体在心脏收缩期移向心尖方向,舒张期移向左心房方向。,二尖瓣瓣环的立体动态构造Dynamic structure of mitral annulus,End systole,End diastole,左心房LA,左心室LV,2024/11/23,2023 by Dr.Meng Xu,Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital University of Medical Science,13,二尖瓣瓣环形态与功能临床意义,Clinical significance of mitral annulus anatomy,生理状态下二尖瓣瓣环的运动性是,临床选用软性人工瓣环优于硬性人工瓣,环进展瓣环成型术的重要缘由。,瓣环运动的特别可以转变附着瓣膜,瓣尖的应力分布和前后瓣叶对合面积,,能影响瓣叶成型手术的效果和远期预后,The flexible ring is preferred due to the,physiological movement of the mitral,annulus in vivo,2024/11/23,2023 by Dr.Meng Xu,Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital University of Medical Science,14,二尖瓣瓣环形态与功能临床意义,Clinical significance of mitral annulus anatomy,2前瓣环形态和长度转变不明显,后,瓣环缺乏纤维条索而薄弱,并且是瓣环,不完整现象的主要表现区域,是二尖瓣,瓣环扩大的主要部位,进展瓣环成型时,主要为后瓣环的矫正,Posterior mitral annulus enlarge more,obviously than anterior annulus and,must be repaired,Left trigone marker,Right trigone marker,2024/11/23,2023 by Dr.Meng Xu,Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital University of Medical Science,15,3前瓣环为主动脉左/无冠瓣环的连续,成型时此区域人工瓣环应用并非完全必要,使得应用C形或条带band瓣环成为可能。另外要留意缝针不宜过深,以免损伤主动脉瓣。,Anterior annulus is close to aortic valve and relatively fixed.No need to fix it again and should not injure the aortic valve.,二尖瓣瓣环形态与功能临床意义,Clinical significance of mitral annulus anatomy,2024/11/23,2023 by Dr.Meng Xu,Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital University of Medical Science,16,4后瓣环近前交界处有左冠状动脉旋支紧邻。左冠脉优势者旋支与后瓣环的间距约为36.5毫米,平均4.1毫米;右冠优势者二者间距为6-11.5毫米,平均8.5毫米;手术进针时应当留意防止旋支及其伴随静脉或冠状静脉窦的损伤。,Posterior annulus is close to LCX and be careful not to injure it.,二尖瓣瓣环形态与功能临床意义,Clinical significance of mitral annulus anatomy,2024/11/23,2023 by Dr.Meng Xu,Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital University of Medical Science,17,二尖瓣瓣环扩大 二尖瓣瓣环钙化,Mitral annulus enlargement Mitral annulus calcification,二尖瓣瓣环的病变,Mitral annulus pathology,2024/11/23,2023 by Dr.Meng Xu,Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital University of Medical Science,18,二尖瓣瓣环修复术相关技术,2024/11/23,2023 by Dr.Meng Xu,Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital University of Medical Science,19,术中确定纤维三角的方法,Identify the Left and right trigone,Size prominently displayed,View Window,Intertrigonal distance markers,瓣环修复术相关技术,/,人工瓣环成形术,2024/11/23,2023 by Dr.Meng Xu,Beijing Anzhen Hospital,Capital University of Medical Science,20,安置纤维三角缝线,用,2-0,缝线,分别在两个纤维三角缝合一针,跨度为,4mm,瓣环测量
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