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,Module 4,Sandstorms in Asia,Grammar,Module 4Sandstorms in Asia,动词不定式及,but,用于动词不定式结构,【,新知导引,】,用括号内动词的适当形式填空,1.If theres a lot of work _(do),Im happy to just keep on until it,is finished.,2.My parents have always made me _(feel)well about myself,even when I was twelve.,3.Lots of empty bottles were found under the old mans bed.He must,have done nothing but _(drink).,to do,feel,drink,动词不定式及but用于动词不定式结构to dofeeldri,4.Sandstorms in China appear _(increase)in recent,years as a result of“desertification”.,5.We cannot help but _(admire)his courage.,to have increased,admire,4.Sandstorms in China appear,【,知识详解,】,一,.,动词不定式,1.,动词不定式的形式。,不定式的一般式,(,表示不定式的动作通常与谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生,),to do(,主动,),to be done(,被动,),不定式的进行式,(,表示不定式的动作正在进行且与谓语动作同时发生,),to be doing(,主动,),不定式的完成式,(,表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前,),to have done(,主动,),to have been done(,被动,),【知识详解】不定式的一般式(表示不定式的动作通常与谓语动作同,*Im glad,to meet you,.,见到你我很高兴。,(,动词不定式表示主动且其表示的动作与谓语所表示的状态同时进行,),*Id like,to be told whats going on,.,我希望被告知正在发生什么。,(,动词不定式表示的动作与主语之间是被动关系，且与谓语动作同时发生,),*He is said,to be studying abroad,but I dont know which country it is.,据说他正在国外学习，但我不知道是哪个国家。,(,动词不定式表示动作正在进行,),*Im glad to meet you.见到你我很高兴,*They seem,to have cleaned,the house.,他们好像已经打扫了这个房子。,(,动词不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前且与主语是主动关系,),*The factory is reported,to have been burnt down,.,据报道这个工厂已经被烧毁了。,(,动词不定式表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前且与主语是被动关系,),*They seem to have cleaned the,【,名师点津,】,在,intended,，,expected,，,hoped,，,promised,，,wanted,，,wished,，,thought,等后用动词不定式的完成式，表示过去没有实现的愿望、期待或计划等。,*,I hoped,to have finished,the work earlier,我本希望早点儿完成那项工作。,【名师点津】,在,seem,appear,think,consider,believe,等表示看法与想法的动词后用动词不定式的完成式，表示该动作先于另一个动作发生。此结构也常用以,it,作形式主语的结构代替。,*,He seems,to have bought,the new book,=It seems that he,has bought,the new book.,他好像已买了那本新书。,在seem,appear,think,conside,【,即学活用,】,完成句子。,He wants _.,他想学英语。,She happened _ when I came in.,当我进来的时候，她碰巧正在写一封信。,The novel was said to _.,据说那部小说已经出版了。,to study English,to be writing a letter,have been published,【即学活用】完成句子。to study Englishto,2.,动词不定式的语法功能。,(1),作主语：当动词不定式作主语时，常用,it,作形式主语,把不定式后置。,*,To develop good habits,is very important.=It is very important,to develop good habits,.,养成好习惯很重要。,(,动词不定式作主语,),2.动词不定式的语法功能。,(2),作表语：,不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。,如果主语是不定式,(,表示条件,),，表语也是不定式,(,表示结果,),。,如果主语是以,aim,，,duty,，,hope,，,idea,，,happiness,，,job,，,plan,，,problem,，,purpose,，,thing,，,wish,等为中心的名词，或是,what,引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语对主语起补充说明作用。,*,My job is,to drive them to the company every day,.,我的工作就是每天开车送他们去公司。,(,动词不定式作表语,),(2)作表语：,(3),作宾语：,*,Do you want,to visit the Great Wall,?,你想参观长城吗？,(,动词不定式作宾语,),(3)作宾语：,【,巧学助记,】,巧记用动词不定式作宾语的动词,三个希望两答应,:hope,wish,want,agree,promise,两个要求莫拒绝：,demand,ask,refuse,设法学会作决定：,manage,learn,decide,不要假装在选择：,pretend,choose,【巧学助记】巧记用动词不定式作宾语的动词,(4),作宾语补足语：,*,The teacher advised us,to have a rest first,.,老师建议我们先休息。,(,动词不定式作宾语补足语,),(4)作宾语补足语：,【,名师点津,】,在“一感,(feel),二听,(hear,listen to),三让,(let,have,make),四看,(observe,see,watch,look at)”,等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带,to,但当以上动词用于被动语态时要带,to,。,help,后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时，动词不定式可带,to,也可不带,to,。,(5),作定语：,*,Liu Yang was the first woman astronaut,to be sent into space,in China.,在中国刘洋是第一位飞上太空的女航天员。,(,动词不定式作定语,),【名师点津】在“一感(feel)二听(hear,list,【,名师点津,】,动词不定式作定语时要放在被修饰词的后面。,在,the first/second.last(+,n,.),的后面要用动词不定式作定语。,【名师点津】动词不定式作定语时要放在被修饰词的后面。,(6),作状语：,*,She reads,China Daily,every day,to improve her English,.,为了提高英语水平，她每天读,中国日报,。,(,动词不定式作目的状语，此时相当于,in order to,或,so as to,。,so as to,不能位于句首,),*He is too weak,to do the work,.,他身体太弱了不能做这项工作。,(,动词不定式作结果状语,),(6)作状语：,【,名师点津,】,“too.to.”,结构常表示“太,而不能”，但,too,之前如果有,only,此时不定式表肯定。因为,only too,表示“非常，很”。,too,后如果是,happy,glad,之类的形容词时，不定式也表肯定意义。,“形容词,/,副词,enough,不定式”结构中，动词不定式也表示结果。,动词不定式还可表示意外的结果。,【名师点津】“too.to.”结构常表,*They are,only too lucky to,go abroad for a visit.,他们很幸运去国外访问。,*,He hurried to see his girlfriend,only to find,she had left.,他匆忙去见他的女朋友，结果却发现她已经离开了。,*They are only too lucky to go,(7),疑问词,+,不定式结构：,疑问词,who,，,what,，,which,，,when,，,where,和,how,后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、表语或宾语。例如,:,*,When to start,has not been decided.,何时动身尚未决定。,(,主语,),*The difficulty was,how to cross,the river.,困难在于如何过河。,(,表语,),*I can tell you,where to get,this book.,我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。,(,宾语,),(7)疑问词+不定式结构：,【,思维延伸,】,动词不定式的主动形式表被动意义,(1),动词不定式作定语与被修饰词构成动宾关系，同时与句中另一名词或代词有逻辑上的主谓关系时。,*,We have masses of work,to do,today,Hurry up,！,今天，我们有很多工作要做。快点儿！,(2),在“,be+,性质形容词,+,动词不定式”结构中。,*,The water is not fit,to drink,，,so hold out until we get to a shop.,这水不能喝。坚持住，我们会找到商店的。,【思维延伸】动词不定式的主动形式表被动意义,(3),动词不定式与疑问代词连用时。,*,What to do,next hasnt been decided.,下一步该做什么还没有决定。,(4),在“,be to blame”,中常用主动形式表示被动意义。,*,I felt I,was to blame,for this bicycle accident.,我觉得这次自行车事故怪我。,(3)动词不定式与疑问代词连用时。,(5),当动词不定式的逻辑主语不清楚或不是句子的主语时，此时主动和被动结构都可用，而且在语意上并没有多大区别。,*,He is the very man,to choose/to be chosen,for the work,他正是这项工作的最佳人选。,(5)当动词不定式的逻辑主语不清楚或不是句子的主语时，此时主,【,即学活用,】,完成句子。,Many graduates want _to Tibet.,许多大学毕业生想被分配到西藏去。,It is a good thing for him _.,他受到批评是件好事。,He didnt know _.,他不知道该怎样回答她。,to be sent,to have been criticized,how to answer her,【即学活用】完成句子。to be sentto have b,二,.but,用于不定式结构,but,作连词，意为“除了”时可以用于不定式结构。,1.,用于,c
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