主谓一致 (2)

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Subject-Verb Agreement,“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。,“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如,are,were,have,等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如：,is,was,has,works,等。,在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则,:,语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。,主谓一致（,Agreement),一、概念,在英语中，随着主语的人称或数的变化谓语动词采用单数或复数形式。,二、怎么判断？,1.,语法形式一致,(,主语的单复数确定谓语的形式,),2.,概念一致（语言内容上一致）,3.,毗邻一致（谓语动词的单复数形式和紧跟其前或后的主语一致,),(,一）、,语法形式一致,1.,n./pron.(Single,),To do,sth,Doing,sth,A sentence,单数谓语,v,2,.,n./pron.,(pl,.),Both A and B,To do A and to do B,Doing A and doing B,A sentence and a sentence,复数谓语,v,3.,including,as well as,with,along with,together with,accompanied by,except/but/besides,rather than,A+,+B+,谓语,v,(,与主语,A,一致）,当主语前有,as well as,as much as,no less than,along with,with,like,rather than,together with,besides,in addition to,等引起的短语作后置定语时,谓语动词的形式视主语的单复数而定,.,4.,Either,Neither,Each,The other,Another,Some/any/no/every+body(one;thing),+,单数谓语,v,5.The+n+and+n+,单数谓语,v,The+n+and+the+n+,复数谓语,v,The,doctor,and,writer,is,my,borther,.,The,doctor,and,the,writer,are,my,borthers,.,名词化的形容词作主语,6.The+adj.(,表示一类人,)+,复数谓语,v,e.g.,The rich,are,to help the poor.,The wounded,was,a young boy.,以定冠词,the+adj.,（或过去分词）结构作主语，谓语动词常用复数形式，如,the brave,the poor,the blind,the sick,the unemployed,等，但有少数过去分词与定冠词连用时指个体，用单数形式。,7.all of,most of,a lot of,some of,plenty of,the majority of,+,不可数名词,+,单数谓语,v,可数名词复数,+,复数谓语,v,Some of,teachers,are,women.,Some of,water,is,dirty.,8.,more than one(+,单数名词,),many a+,单数名词,+,单数谓语,v,More than one student,likes,music,.,Many a,student,likes,music.,不止一个学生喜欢音乐（很多）,9.,分数,百分数,+of,+,单数名词,/,代词,+,单数谓语,v,+,复数名词,/,代词,+,复数谓语,v,Ten percent of the,boys,are,tall.,Ten percent of,water,is,fresh.,Two thirds of the,boys,are,tall.,Two thirds of,water,is,fresh.,10.,定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式应与,先行词,一致,.,(,二）、,概念一致（语言内容上一致）,1.,family,school,class,team,group,government,public,+,复数谓语,v,（,表示个体）,+,单数谓语,v,（,表示整体）,2.,people,police,cattle,People,指,民族,时有单复数之分,China is a great people.,伟大的民族,China has 56 peoples.,有,56,个民族,+,复数谓语,v,trousers,clothes,goods,glasses,+,复数谓语,v,成双成对构成的东西,3.,news,the United States,economics,maths,physics,politics,+,单数谓语,v,4.,each/,every+n+,and,+(each/every)+n,+,单数谓语,v,1,）,不定代词,each,every,no,所修饰的名词，即使用,and,或逗号连接作主语，或主语为,more than one,many a+n.,谓语动词用单数,Every boy and every girl,has,a book in their bags.,Many a teacher,has,been there.,More than one child,has,read the book.,代词作主语,1.,考例,-Each of the students,working hard at his or her lessons,_ to go to university.,-So do I.(,上海,98)A.hope B.hopes C.hoping D.hoped,当,either(each,one)+of+,复数名词,或,some,any,no,every,和,body,one,或,thing,构成复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,.none,neither,作主语时,谓语动词单复数都可,.,5.,数词和表示时间、距离、重量、度量、衡量、金钱、,篇名,等复数名词作主语，,谓语,v,常用单数形式,e.g.,The Emperors Clothes,was,written by Hans Christian Anderson.,就近一致原则,由,or,either or,neithernor,not onlybut also,等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词有单复数上保持一致。,Not only he but also I am invited.,Neither my gloves nor my hat goes with the dress.,但注意：,“,with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/among/as well as/no more than/besides/rather than+,名词”,置于主语后，谓语动词一般仍和前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。,The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom.,(,三）、,毗邻一致（就近原则）,1.A or B,Either A or B,Nether A nor B,Not only A but also B,+,谓语,v,与,B,一致,2.,在,there be,的结构中，谓语动词的单复数形式一般也采取就近原则,There,is,a,book and two pens on the desk.,There,are,two,pens and a book on the desk.,3.,倒装。谓语与紧跟在后面的主语一致。,On the tree,are,some birds,