onion(洋葱味)--onions(洋葱头)

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Chapter 3 Nouns,Teaching Aims,help the Ss to have an understanding about how nouns are used in the English language,help the Ss to be clear about the plural form and the possessive form of nouns,Teaching Points,the plural form of nouns in English,The possessive form of nouns in English,1.,classification of nouns,2.,number forms of nouns,3.,partitives,3.,possessive form of nouns,4.the gender of nouns,5.usage of nouns in sentence,6.keys to the excises,simple nouns,Nouns compound nouns,derivative nouns,A simple,noun is a noun that contains only one free morpheme,e.g.,man chair,A compound noun,is a noun that is composed of two or more morphemes,e.g.,armchair motherland,A derivation,noun is a noun that comes from a verb,an adjective or a simple noun with affixes,e.g.,arrangement greatness,proper nouns,Nouns individual nouns,common collective nouns,nouns,material nouns,abstract nouns,countable,uncountable,A proper noun,is the name used for a particular person,place or thing,and spelt with a capital initial letter,e.g.,Anderson,Britain,A,common noun,is a name common to a class of people,things or abstract ideas,e.g.,boy,tiger,water,.Common nouns can be further divided into,individual nouns,(e.g.,boy,house,tiger,),collective nouns,(e.g.,family,team,),material nouns,(e.g.,air,tea,snow,),abstract nouns,(e.g.,glory,failure,education,),Individual nouns and collective nouns are usually,countable nouns,(nouns that have plural and which can collocate with numbers and with such determiners as,a,an,many few,these,several,etc)while material nouns and abstract nouns are usually,uncountable nouns,(nouns that can not go with the above mentioned determiners),Exercise 1.Fill the blanks with a suitable noun to complete the following sentences.,1.Can you describe the car?The police need a full _ in order to find it.,2.Ive already arranged for your appointment,and this _ can not be changed.,3.Very few people attended the lecture.The speaker was disappointed at the _.,4.That comedian loves to exaggerate.His humor is based on the _ of his misfortunes.,5.There is no point in arguing about this situation,because this _ can never be resolved.,6.His contributions to charity were generous.His _ was appreciated by those he helped.,7.The scientist persisted in making the experiment.His _ resulted in the discovery of a new vaccine.,8.His furniture design was original.Because of its _,it won an award.,9.The tailor will measure you for the suit.We will keep a record of your _ for future use.,10.Drinking water must be pure.Chemicals are added to maintain its _.,1.pattern of plural form of nouns and the pronunciation of“-s(p.50),2.Number forms of individual nouns,Individual nouns are all countable nouns and therefore have singular and plural forms.The singular form of an individual noun can follow such determiners as a,an,and one.e.g.a desk,one man.The plural form of an individual noun can be regular or irregular.The regular plural form is formed by adding“s or“es to the end of the noun like days,houses,stories,etc.,while the irregular plural is not,formed in such a way but by other means like toothteeth,mousemice,oxoxen,etc.,3.Number forms of collective nouns,Some collective nouns are countable,some are not.Countable collective nouns behave just like individual nouns.An uncountable collective noun has no plural form.If we want to“count them,we will have to use a kind of individual noun related semantically to the collective nouns.e.g.,collective nouns individual nouns,poetry poem,machinery machine,clothing garment,coat,etc.,furniture table,wardrobe,etc.,cutlery knife,equipment tool,correspondence letter,luggage trunk,bag,etc.,police policeman,clergy clergyman,4.Number forms of material nouns,Material nouns are generally uncountable and have no plural forms.But there are such cases that a material noun can be used either uncountable or countable.When used to mean the material itself,they are uncountable,but when used in other senses(e.g.two coffees in the sense of“two cups of coffee),they are countable,behaving just like individual nouns.There are also material nouns that take plural endings,e.g.sands/waters in the sense of“large expanse of sand or water and foods/fruits in the sense of“a variety of food or fruit.These,nouns.Some nouns can be viewed either as material nouns or as individual nouns,therefore the formers are uncountable and the laters are countable.It depends on the meanings of these nouns.e.g.“lamb in the sense of“the flesh of a young sheep eaten as meat is uncountable,while is countable in the sense of“a young sheep.rubber(橡胶)rubbers胶鞋；stone石料-stones石头；egg蛋渍，蛋白-eggs蛋；onion洋葱味-onions洋葱头,5.Number forms of abstract nouns,Abstract nouns are mostly uncountable.They cannot take such determiners as,a,an,one,or plural forms.But there are a few abstract nouns that are countable like individual nouns(like,a victory,two victories,a conference,two conferences,).There are also abstract nouns that hav