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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Angiology,#,Angiology,1,第四节 静 脉,Vein,脉管系统,Angiology,天津医科大学解剖教研室 蔡滢,Angiology1第四节 静 脉 Vein脉管系统,Angiology,2,一、概论,二、肺循环的静脉,三,、体循环的静脉,Angiology2一、概论,Angiology,3,静脉特点,：,壁薄腔大,、弹性小、,压力低；,血流缓慢，容血量大，数量多；,易受重力及血管外组织挤压等因素的影响。,有静脉瓣,venous valve,；,静脉吻合支广泛，,形成静脉网或丛,；,分浅、深两类；,一、概论,Angiology3静脉特点：一、概论,Angiology,4,静脉瓣,venous valve,Angiology4静脉瓣 venous valve,Angiology,5,直肠静脉丛,rectal venous plexus,Angiology5直肠静脉丛,Angiology,6,浅静脉：,位于皮下的浅筋膜内，不与动脉伴行，最后注入深静脉,深静脉：,位于深筋膜的深面或体腔内,Angiology6浅静脉：位于皮下的浅筋膜内，不与动脉伴行,Angiology,7,特殊结构的静脉,l,、硬脑膜窦,sinus of dura mater,2,、板障静脉,diploic vein,3,、导静脉,emissary veins,Angiology7特殊结构的静脉,Angiology,8,板障静脉,diploic veins,硬脑膜窦,sinuses of dura mater,Angiology8板障静脉 diploic veins,Angiology,9,导静脉,emissary veins,Angiology9导静脉 emissary veins,Angiology,10,二、肺循环的静脉,左上肺静脉,收集左肺上叶的血液,左下肺静脉,收集左肺下叶的血液,右上肺静脉,收集右肺上、中叶的血液右肺下静脉,收集右肺下叶的血液,左 心 房,Angiology10二、肺循环的静脉左上肺静脉 收集左,Angiology,11,右上肺静脉,右下肺静脉,左上肺静脉,左下肺静脉,右肺动脉,左心房,肺静脉,pulmonary vein,无静脉瓣，每侧两条，起自肺门，注入左心房后部。肺静脉输送动脉血。,Angiology11右上肺静脉右下肺静脉左上肺静脉左下肺静,Angiology,12,三大静脉系,上腔静脉系,Superior vena cava system,下腔静脉系,Inferior vena cava system,心静脉系,Cardiac vein system,三、,体循环的静脉,Angiology12三大静脉系 上腔静脉系三、体循环的静脉,Angiology,13,静脉角,左锁骨下静脉,颈内静脉,右头臂,静 脉,右锁骨,下静脉,左头臂,静 脉,上腔静脉,（一）上腔静脉系,Superior vena cava system,合成,：,左、右头臂静脉,走行,：,垂直下行，至右侧第,3,胸肋关节处注入右心房。在其入心前，有奇静脉自后方注入。,Angiology13静脉角左锁骨下静脉颈内静脉右头臂右锁骨,Angiology,14,静脉角,venous angle,：,同侧颈内静脉和锁骨下静脉在胸锁关节的后方汇合成头臂静脉，汇合处的夹角称静脉角，是淋巴导管注入静脉的部位,Angiology14静脉角 venous angle：,Angiology,15,上腔静脉的合成、属支及收纳范围,左锁骨下静脉 左上肢（颈外）静脉血,胸部静脉血,奇静脉,右,头臂静脉,左颈内静脉 左头颈部静脉血,左,头臂静脉,上 腔 静 脉,右颈内静脉 右头颈部静脉血,右锁骨下静脉 右上肢（颈外）静脉血,Angiology15上腔静脉的合成、属支及收纳范围左锁骨下,Angiology,16,颈内静脉,internal jugular vein,颅内支（来自颅腔）,颅外支,下颌后静脉,面静脉,属,支,Angiology16颈内静脉 internal jugu,Angiology,17,（,1,）下颌后静脉,retromandibular vein,由,颞浅静脉,和,上颌静脉,在下颌颈的深面汇合而成,颞浅静脉,上颌静脉,（起自,翼静脉丛,）,Angiology17（1）下颌后静脉 由颞浅,Angiology,18,（,2,）面静脉,facial vein,：,走行：起自内眦静脉，斜向外后下行，在下颌角下方与下颌后静脉前支汇合注入颈内静脉。,特点：无瓣膜，与颅内静脉有交通。,Angiology18（2）面静脉 facial vein：,Angiology,19,上下,眼 静脉,内眦静脉,面深静脉,翼静脉丛,面静脉,颈内静脉,海绵窦,下颌后静脉,面深静脉,内眦静脉,Angiology19上下眼 静脉内眦静脉面深静,Angiology,20,2.,锁骨下静脉,subclavian vein,走行,颈外静脉,腋静脉,Angiology202.锁骨下静脉走行颈外静脉,Angiology,21,（,1,）颈外静脉,external jugular vein,下颌后静脉后支,颈外静脉,耳后静脉,枕静脉,Angiology21（1）颈外静脉下颌后静脉后支颈外静脉耳,Angiology,22,（,2,）上肢的静脉,The veins of upper limb,深静脉,与同名动脉伴行（尺、桡、肱静脉）,浅静脉,起自手指，在手背形成,手背静脉网,头静脉,cephalic vein,贵要静脉,basilica vein,肘正中静脉,median cubital vein,Angiology22（2）上肢的静脉 The veins,Angiology,23,Angiology23,Angiology,24,上肢浅静脉,The superficial veins,Angiology24上肢浅静脉,Angiology,25,The veins of hand,Angiology25The veins of hand,Angiology,26,3.,奇静脉,azygos vein,右侧胸壁静脉血,奇 静 脉,食管静脉、支气管静脉,半奇静脉、副半奇静脉,Angiology263.奇静脉 azygos vein,Angiology,27,Angiology27,Angiology,28,（,1,）,半奇静脉,hemiazygos vein,(2),副半奇静脉,accessory hemiazygos vein,奇静脉,起自,右腰升静脉,，沿脊柱右前方上行至第,4,胸椎高度，向前勾绕右肺根上方，注入上腔静脉。,Angiology28（1）半奇静脉(2)副半奇静脉 奇,Angiology,29,Angiology29,Angiology,30,Angiology30,
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