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,*,冬夜读书示子聿,宋,陆游,古人学问无遗力，少壮工夫老始成。,纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行。,冬夜读书示子聿,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,【,赏析,】,这首诗一方面强调了做学问要坚持不懈，早下功夫；另一方面，特别强调了做学问的诀窍，那就是不能满足于字面上的意思，而要躬行实践，在实践中加深理解。在书本与实践的关系上，诗人强调了实践的重要性，这符合唯物主义认识论的观点。诗人寓理于教，旨在激励儿子不要仅仅满足于书本知识，而应在实践中验证所学知识从而获得真知。,状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路,18,怀疑与学问,18 怀疑与学问,学,习,目,标,1.,理清文章结构，理解怀疑精神的内涵及重要意义。,（重点）,2.,学习本文举例论证、道理论证和对比论证的论证方法，把握议论文严密的论证结构。,（难点）,3.,在生活和学习中，培养多思考、多发问的怀疑精神。,（重点）,学习目标 1.理清文章结构，理解怀疑精神的内涵及重要意,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,顾颉刚,（,18931980,），字铭坚，江苏苏州人，历史学家。我国古史辨派的创始人之一，提出了“层累地造成的中国古史”学说，也是我国历史地理学和民俗学的开拓者、奠基人。编有,古史辨,，著有,汉代学术史略,三皇考,等。,作,者,简,介,状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路,背,景,链,接,1922,年，顾颉刚先生到上海任商务印书馆编辑，这段时间他与胡适和钱玄同通过信件讨论群经辨伪问题，开始复兴历史上的疑辨运动，并把儒家的辨伪变成历史家的辨伪。在,1923,年提出了“层累地造成的中国古史”的学说，引起了一场古史大论战。,1926,年，顾颉刚把论战双方的文章收集起来，编成,古史辨,第一册，于是，中国史学界出现了一个以“疑古”为旗帜的古史辨派，,怀疑与学问,即为此段时间所作。,背景链接 1922年，顾颉刚先生到上海任商务印书馆编辑,虚,妄,（）,墨,守（）,折,扣（）,停,滞,（）,塾,师（）程,颐,（）,譬,如（）顾,颉,刚（）,盲,从（）,大,儒,（）懒,惰,（）,塾,师（）,腐草为,萤,（）,wn,字,词,学,习,m,zh,zh,sh,y,p,ji,mn,生难字,r,du,sh,yn,虚妄（）墨守（）折扣（,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,腐草化为萤火虫。,没有事实根据的。,不用攻击，自己就溃败了，多形容观点、情节等站不住脚，经不起反驳或责问。,识别虚假的，去掉无事实根据的（多指理念或学说）。,旧时指学问渊博的著名学者。,指社会上流行的风俗习惯（含贬义）。,根据词语的意思写出课文中的词语。,【,腐草为萤,】,【,虚妄,】,【,不攻自破,】,【,辨伪去妄,】,【,大儒,】,【,流俗,】,状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路,整,体,感,知,自由朗读课文，理清文章层次结构。,提出中心论点,第一部分（,1,、,2,）：治学必须有怀疑精神。,论证第一个分论点,第二部分（,3,5,）：怀疑是消极方面辨伪去妄的必要步骤。,论证第二个分论点,第三部分（,6,）：怀疑是积极方面建设新学说、启迪新发明的基本条件。,整体感知自由朗读课文，理清文章层次结构。提出中心论点第一部分,课,文,解,读,课文是怎样提出中心论点的？课文的中心论点是什么？,“学者先要会疑。”,程颐,“在可疑而不疑者，不曾学；学则须疑。”,张载,引用名言，提出中心论点：,治学必须有怀疑精神。,课文解读 课文是怎样提出中心论点的？课文的中心论点是什,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,开头引用名言，有何作用？,引用程颐、张载的名言，既提出了本文的中心论点,做学问“须疑”与“会疑”，同时充当论据，使文章开头显得活泼有新意，吸引读者的阅读兴趣。,状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路状元成才路,仔细阅读文章第二部分，说说文章是怎样论证“怀疑是消极方面辨伪去妄的必要步骤”的？,指出做学问要有怀疑精神的依据。,论述怀疑精神是做一切学问的基本条件。,论述求知需有怀疑精神，不应盲从迷信。,得出结论,仔细阅读文章第二部分，说说文章是怎样论证“怀疑是消极,指出做学问要有怀疑精神的依据。,譬如在国难危急的时候，各地一定有许多口头的消息，说得如何凶险，那便是别人的传说，不一定可靠；要知道实际的情形，只有靠自己亲身视察。,举例论证,：论证“别人的传说，不一定可靠”，引出下文对做学问需要怀疑精神的论述。,指出做学问要有怀疑精神的依据。譬如在国难危急的时候，,做学问也是这样，最要紧最可靠的材料是自己亲见的事实根据；但这种证据有时候不能亲自,看到，便只能靠别人的传说了。,类比论证,：表明“做学问”时，面对传言也应靠自己亲自去视察才可辨真伪一样，说理通俗易懂。,做学问也是这样，最要紧最可靠的材料是自己亲见的事实根,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,论述怀疑精神是做一切学问的基本条件。,我们听说中国古代有三皇、五帝，便要问问：这是谁说的话？最先见
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