6 人疫苗研发进展

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Vaccines for Pandemic Influenza流感大流行疫苗储藏株研究进展,Dong jie,China NIC,China CDC,Family:Orthomyxoviridae正粘病毒科,Three types:A,B,C,SS negative-sense RNA viruses 单股副链RNA病毒,8(or 7)gene segments8或7节段,Enveloped viruses 囊膜病毒,Influenza Viruses流行性感冒病毒,Influenza A Viruses,Subtyped based on surface glycoproteins,hemagglutinin(HA)and neuraminidase(NA),current human subtypes:H1N1,H3N2,甲型流感病毒依据外表糖蛋白HA和NA分亚型，人群中流行的甲型流感包括H1N1,H3N2。,Birds reservoir for all HA and NA subtypes：鸟类是甲型流感病毒的自然宿主,H1-H17,N1-N9,Infects multiple mammalian species 甲型流感可以感染多种哺乳动物,humans,swine,horses,whales,seals,cats,and dogs,人，猪，马，鲸，海豹，猫和狗,H5 and H7 subtypes include viruses that are highly pathogenic for domestic poultry,H5和H7的某些亚型对家禽是高致病性的,Antigenic Drift抗原漂变,Gradual alteration(by point mutation)of HA and/or NA within a subtype渐变，点突变,Inability of antibody(to previous strains)to neutralize mutant virus 以前病毒的抗体无法中和突变病毒,Occurs in both influenza A and B viruses 甲乙型流感病毒均可发生,Causes periodic epidemics导致周期性的流感流行,Rate of occurrence:1%per year at amino acid level发生率每年50%from previous strains与以前病毒相比有大于50%差异,17 HA subtypes,9 NA subtypes,Influenza A reservoir,Influenza A Viruses in Humans,1918,1957,1968,1977,Spanish,Influenza,Asian,Influenza,Hong Kong,Influenza,H1N1,H2N2,H3N2,H1N1,?,1997,2003,1999,H5N1,H9N2,H7N7,H5N1,What can cause Pandemic Influenza?,New HA:Human influenza A virus with a novel hemagglutinin or a novel hemagglutinin and neuraminidase gene.新的HA,Susceptibility:Lack of immunity to this novel virus,in a large proportion of the population.易感性,Transmissibility:Demonstrated ability of the virus to cause disease and spread from person-to-person.可传播性,Human infection with avian influenza viruses(,2004,),人感染禽流感病毒情况,Year,Place,Virus subtype,Cases(death),1995,UK,H7N7,1,1997,Hong Kong,H5N1,18(6),1999,Hong Kong,H9N2,2,2003,H5N1,H5N1,2(1),2003,Netherlands,H7N7,84(1),2003,Hong Kong,H9N2,1,2004,Canada,H7N3,2,2004,Egypt,H10N7,2,From 禽流感H5N1全球感染情况,H5N1 influenza in animals other than poultry-2004,除家禽以外感染,H5N1,的动物,Bird禽类,-Ducks and geese鸭和鹅,-Crows,sparrows乌鸦，麻雀,-Peregrine falcon,eagle猎鹰，鹰,Cats猫科,-Domestic cats家猫,-Tigers/leopard虎/美洲豹,Pigs猪,Man 人,Cumulative Number of Confirmed Human Cases of Avian Influenza A/(H5N1)Reported to WHO,14 August 2007 WHO确诊人禽流感病例,Country,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,Total,cases,deaths,cases,deaths,cases,deaths,cases,deaths,cases,deaths,cases,deaths,Azerbaijan,0,0,0,0,0,0,8,5,0,0,8,5,Cambodia,0,0,0,0,4,4,2,2,1,1,7,7,China,1,1,0,0,8,5,13,8,3,2,25,16,Djibouti,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,Egypt,0,0,0,0,0,0,18,10,20,5,38,15,Indonesia,0,0,0,0,20,13,55,45,28,24,103,82,Iraq,0,0,0,0,0,0,3,2,0,0,3,2,Lao Peoples Democratic Republic,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,2,2,2,2,Nigeria,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,Thailand,0,0,17,12,5,2,3,3,0,0,25,17,Turkey,0,0,0,0,0,0,12,4,0,0,12,4,Viet Nam,3,3,29,20,61,19,0,0,2,0,95,42,Total,4,4,46,32,98,43,115,79,57,35,320,193,Total number of cases includes number of deaths.WHO reports only laboratory-confirmed cases.All dates refer to onset of illness.,Corporate links,E-mail scams,|,Employment,|,FAQs,|,Feedback,|,Other UN sites,|,Privacy,|,RSS feeds,World Health Organization 2007.All rights reserved,WHO,流感大流行预警,3,级,Number of Episodes of Illness,Healthcare Utilization,and Death Associated with Moderate and Severe Pandemic Influenza Scenarios,Characteristic,（特征）,Moderate(1958/68-like),（中等）,Severe(1918-like),（严重）,Illness,（疾病）,90 million(30%),90 million(30%),Outpatient medical care,（门诊医学监护）,45 million(50%),45 million(50%),Hospitalization,（住院）,865,000,9,900,000,ICU care,（,ICU,监护）,128,750,1,485,000,Mechanical ventilation,（机械通气）,64,875,745,500,Deaths,（死亡）,209,000,1,903,000,Options for Vaccines for Pandemic Influenza,流感大流行疫苗株的选择,Conventional inactivated vaccine:wt virus野毒：常规灭活疫苗,Conventional inactivated vaccine:a reassortant virus containing HA and NA from wt virus and internal genes from A/PR/8/34(PR8)virus传统的重配疫苗：HA和NA来源于野毒，其它内部6节段来源PR8,Live attenuated cold-adapted(ca)vaccine:a reassortant prepared with master ca strain A/Ann Arbor/6/60(AAca)活的减毒冷适应疫苗株：方法同上，来源于种子株A/Ann Arbor/6/60,“Surrogate non-pathogenic virus antigenically similar to pandemic strain,perhaps as a high growth reassortant 与大流行株抗原类似的非致病性替代株,Purified expressed HA protein纯化的经表达的HA蛋白,Reassortant virus with PR8 or AAca using reverse genetics以PR8 或者 AAca反向遗传方法重配的毒株,Choice of Vaccines:Pros and Cons,疫苗选择的优缺点,Method,（方法）,Advantage,（优点）,Disadvantage,（缺点）,Inactivated wt virus,（灭活的野毒）,Quick,（快）,Safety concern(if highly pathogenic),May not grow efficiently,（安全考虑）,Inactivated PR8 reassortant virus,（减毒的,PR8,重配株）,Approved and accepted,（已经批准）,High growth,（高产）,Safety concern(if highly pathogenic),（安全考虑）,Cold adapted AAca reassortant virus,（冷适应重配株）,Approved and accepted,（已批准）,Could induce cellular immunity,（可诱导细胞免疫）,Safety concern(if highly pathogenic),（安全考虑）,Inactivated surrogate virus,(wt or reassortant),灭活的替代株,Safe,（安全）,Approved and accepted,（已批准）,Virus may not be available,（没有适合的病毒）,Recombinant HA p