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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高考语法复习,动词时态和语态,时态,时间状语,一般现在时,every,sometimes,at,on Sunday,等,一般过去时,yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982,just now,等,一般将来时,next,tomorrow,in+,一段时间,before+,时间点等,现在完成时,for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in the past years,always,recently,等,过去完成时,before,by+,过去的时间,until,when,after,once,等,过去进行时,现在进行时,this morning,the whole morning,all day,yesterday,from nine to ten yesterday evening when,while,等,now,right now,at this moment,at present,等,将来进行时,现在完成进行时,soon,tomorrow,this evening,on Sunday,this time tomorrow,in two days,tomorrow evening,all the time,this week,this month,all night,等,一,.,一般现在时态：,1.,一般用法,:,1,表示现在经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用,.,时间状语,:every,sometimes,at,on Sunday,。,e.g.,He often goes to the cinema.,2,表示现在的能力、特征、职业等,e.g.,He sings well.,（能力）,3,表示客观真理、科学事实、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在的事实,e.g.,Knowledge is power.,（客观真理）,2.,特别用法,:,1,主句是将来时态或表示将来意义,时间状语从句和条件状语从句,须用一般现在时表将来,e.g.,Ill write to her when I have time,2,让步状语从句和方式状语从句,用一般现在时表将来,e.g.,Whether you help him or not,he will fail.,Next time Ill do as he says.,3,表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作,用一般现在时表将来,e.g,.,The train leaves at 12:00.,二,.,一般过去时态（,did,式）,:,1.,基本用法,:,1,表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,:,时间状语有：,yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982,等,He bought the computer five years ago.,2),表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作,e.g,.,We often played together when we were children.,注,:,表示过去习惯性的动作,可用,would,used to,e.g.He used to go to work by bus.,2.,特别用法,:,过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气,:,1),动词,want,hope,wonder,think,intend,等,:,I wondered if you could help me.,能不能帮我一下。,2),情态动词,could,would,。,e.g.,Could you lend me your bike?,能借用一下你的自行车吗？,三,.,一般将来时（,will/shall,do,）,:,1.,表示将要发生的事情。,e.g.,-You forget to close the door.,-Oh,Ill close it at once.,will,表意愿,Now if you will take off your clothes,we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.,一般将来时的其他表达法：,2.,be going to+,不定式，表示将来,。,主语的意图，即将做某事,。,e.g.,What are you going to do tomorrow?,明天打算作什么呢？,b.,计划，安排要发生的事,。,e.g.,The play is going to be produced next month,。这出戏下月开播。,c.,有迹象要发生的事。,e.g.,Look at the dark clouds;there is going to be a storm.,看那乌云，快要下雨了。,3.,be+,不定式表将来，按计划或安排将发生的事,;,命中注定的事,;,命令。,e.g.,We are to discuss the report next Saturday.,我们下星期六讨论这份报告。,4.be about to+,不定式，意为马上做某事,。,e.g.,He is about to leave for Beijing.,他马上要去北京。,注意：,be about to do,不能与,tomorrow,next week,等表示明确将来的时间状语连用,。,四,.,现在完成时（,have/has,p.p.,）,1.,基本用法,:,1,影响性用法,:,表示一个动作发生在过去,已经完成,且对现在造成影响或结果,e.g.,He has left the city.,（结果,:,他不在这个城市）,Someone has broken the window.,（结果,:,窗户仍破着）,2,持续性用法,:,表示一个动作从过去持续到现在,且可能继续持续下去或可能到此结束,e.g.,We have been busy this afternoon.,2.,用现在完成时的典型场合,:,1“,since,过去时间”或“,since,接,that,从句（从句中用一般过去时）”,则句中用现在完成时,e.g.,I havent seen her since last week.,Where have you been since I last saw you?,2,句中有,so far/in,（,for/during,）,the past,（,last,）,years,（,months,）,/up to now/until now,e.g.,So far there has been no news.,3,“,It/This/That is the first,（,second/third,）,time,that,从句”,或,“,It/This/That is the only,that,从句”,或“,It/This/That is the,最高级,that,从句”,e.g.,It/This/That is the first time that I have come to Zhejiang.,It/This/That is the only party that I have ever really enjoyed in my life.,It/This/That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.,（注,:,以上句型把,is,改为,was,则从句时态相应改为过去完成时态）,3.,现在完成时与一般过去时态的区别,:,1),现在完成时强调,对现在的影响或结果,而一般过去时态强调这一个,动作发生的时间是过去,。,2,）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。,一般过去时的时间状语：,yesterday,last week,，,ago,in1980,in October,just now,等，皆为具体的时间状语。,现在完成时的时间状语：,for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in past years,always,等，皆不确定的时间状语。,共同的时间状语：,this morning,tonight,this April,now,already,recently,lately,等,e.g.,Ive lived here for ten years.,（现在仍住在这儿）,I lived here for ten years.,（现在不住在这儿）,He has bought a house.,（现在已拥有这房子）,He bought a house.,（现在拥不拥有这房子,不知道,只是知道买了房子,现在可能拥有也可能卖掉了）,五,.,现在完成进行时（,have/has been v-ing,）,1.,一般用法,:,表示现在以前一段时间里一直在进行的动作,这一动作可能仍在进行,也可能已停止,e.g.,It has been raining since two days ago.,-Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work?,-Yes,thats why I _ to work by train.,have been going,have gone,was going to,will have gone,六,.,过去完成时（,had,p.p.,）,1.,表示过去的过去 时间状语,before,by,until,when,after,once,e.g.,I had hardly opened the door when he hit me.,用好过去完成时,关键在于理解它的时间是“过去的过去”。,2.want/think/hope/plan/mean/expect/intend/suppose,等动词的过去完成时不定式的一般式（等于这些动词的一般过去式后接不定式的完成式）,表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算、想法等,e.g.,I had meant to come,but something happened.,（,I meant to have come,but something happened.,）,I had intended to speak at the meeting,but time didnt permit.,（,I intended to have spoken at the meeting,but time didnt permit.,）,3.,一些特殊句型中的过去完成时,:,1,“It/This/That was the first,（,second/third,）,time,that,从句”或“,It/This/That was the only,that,从句”或“,It/This/That was the,最高级,that,从句”,2by,（,the end of)/by the time,过去时间,e.g.,We had learnt 3,000 words by the end of last term.,By the time he came back,we had repaired the machine.,3no sooner than ;hardly/scarcely when,No sooner had he gone to the garden than his son went to play with his classmates.,Hardly had he heard the news when he cried.,七,.,将来完成时（,will
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