小学英语课堂教学设计 (2)

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,小学英语课堂教学设计,Teacher Training,义务教育英语新课程标准的出发点和归宿点：保障每一个学生与生俱来的“学习权”，每位学生的充分的、自由的、多元的、和谐的发展。,每一个学生不仅是“学习的主体”，而且是“学习的主权者”。保障“学习权”即保障基本人权。,第一，强化品德教育,第二，关注人文素养,第三，,凸显信息技术,第四，倡导综合实践活动,外语教师专业化的素质结构,Beliefs,外语教学信念,General cultural knowledge,一般文化知识,Subject knowledge,学科知识,Pedagogical knowledge,外语教学法知识,Knowledge of didactics,外语教学理论知识,Personal practical knowledge,个人实践知识,Jeremy Harmer,杰里米,哈默,英国英语教育专家，二十世纪八十年代的,The practice of English language teaching,和,How to teach English,风靡国际英语教学界,怎样设计课堂教学,讨论课堂教学设计的作用。能帮助教师在施教过程中明确目标、突出重点、有所遵循，也会使学生感到教学很正规，老师很敬业。课堂教学设计应是协调一致（,coherence,）的教学内容与丰富多彩的（,variety,）教学活动的巧妙结合。,课堂教学设计的形式可繁可简，因人而异。学生类别，学习内容，怎样进行教与学，运用什么手段。具体地说，应有课堂描述，教学目标，时间分配，预计可能发生的问题，教学辅助用具，教学步骤，具体教学活动的目的、目标和所用时间，以及这项活动与课堂中其他活动的衔接。,How to plan lessons,Why plan at all?,What are the aims of a plan?,What should be in a plan?,What questions do we need to ask?,What form should a plan take?,Why plan at all?,Most teachers go on preparing lessons throughout their careers(formal/informal).,For students,evidence of a plan shows the teacher has devoted time to thinking about the class.It strongly suggests a level of professionalism and a commitment.,For the teacher,a plan gives the lesson a framework,an overall shape.It is true that he or she may end up departing from it,good teachers are flexible and creative to what happens in the classroom.,New techniques,activities and materials need to be well used in the class,.,Planning helps,because,it allows teachers to think about where theyre going and gives them time to have ideas for tomorrows and next weeks lessons.In the classroom,a plan helps to remind teachers what they intended to do.,Finally,planning helps because it gives students confidence:they know immediately whether a teacher has thought about the lesson,and they respond positively to those that have.,No plan is written on tablets of stone,however.,Misconceptionexperienced teachers do not need to do planning.Teachers should be aware of the different students,time and mood.,Teachers benefit from it,such as the relative value of different activities,the actual time with great accuracy,comments and corrections.,What are the aims of a plan?,A good lesson needs to contain a judicious blend of coherence and variety.A good plan needs to reflect this.,Coherence means that students can see a logical pattern to the lesson.Even if there are three separate activities,for example,there has to be some connection between them.,The lack of variety coupled with the relentlessness would militate against the possibility of real student engagement.,The ideal compromise is to plan a lesson that has an internal coherence but which allows students to do different things.,In other words:variety,flexibility,learnability and linkage.,What should be in a plan?,The formats will vary depending on the trainer and the course,but all plans have the same ingredients.,They say who is going to be taught,what they are going to learn or be taught,how they are going to learn or be taught,and with what.,The first thing such a written plan needs to detail is who the students are:,How many are there in the class?,What ages?What sexes?,What are they like?Cooperative?Quiet?Difficult to control?,Experienced teachers have all this information in their heads when they plan.,The next thing the plan has to contain is what the teachers/students want to do:study a piece of grammar,write a narrative,listen to an interview,read a passage etc.Looking through a plan,an objective observer should be able to discern a logical sequence of things to be studied and/or activated.,The third aspect of a plan will say how the teacher/students is/are going to do it.Will that work in pairs?For each activity,the teacher will usually indicate how long she expects it to take and what classroom materials or aids she is going to use.,Lastly.The plan will talk about what might go wrong.,What questions do we need to ask?,Who exactly are the students for this activity?,Why do you want to do it?,What will it achieve?,How long will it take?,What might go wrong?,What will be needed?,How does it work?,How will it fit in with what comes before and after it?,Here is a part of a first year lesson.Study and answer the two questions that follow.,Lesson 15,When do you get up in the morning/,eat breakfast afternoon/,wash your face evening?,go to school,finish school,When do you clean your teeth?,meet your friends?,learn English?,play the piano?,Which teacher has the clearest idea of the aims of the lesson?,Teacher A:Today,were going to learn Lesson 15.Its question and answer practice using a substitution table.,Teacher B:Today we are going to practise present simple questions with“when”and other time expressions.,Teacher C:Today we are going to practise asking and answering questions using the present simple tense,so that we will learn how to talk about everyday activities.,By language contents,we mean structures(grammar),vocabulary,functions,topics and so on.By langu