英语单词词性和句子成分分析课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,英语语法学习的秘诀,英语单词词性和句子成分,英语语法学习的秘诀英语单词词性和句子成分,词类,作用,例 词,1.(n.),名词,表示人或事物的名称。,I bought,a book,.,She is,a student,.,2.(pron.),代词,代替名词、数词等。,This,is,my,friend.,He,likes,that,book because,it,is very useful to,him,.,Parts of Speech,3.(art.),冠词,用来限制名词的意义,I have,a,pet dog.,The,dog is very lovely.,He is,an,old man but very strong.,词类作用例 词1.(n.)名词表示人,4.(adj.),形容词,表示人或事物的特征或性状。,He is,small,but he is,clever,.,The,red,pen is,useful,for the teacher.,He painted the wall,white,yesterday.,5.(num.),数词,表示数目或顺序。,There are,ten,apples on the table and I will take,the first,one.,6.(v.),动词,表示动作或状态。,We,are,working,hard at English.,I,want,to become,an engineer.,4.(adj.)表示人或事物的特征或性状。He is sm,7.(adv.),副 词,表示动作的特征或性状特征。,I like English,very much,.,The teacher treats us,kindly,.,The train goes,fast,.,He,seldom,comes to see us.,8.(prep.),介 词,表示名词、代词和其他词之间的关系。,He usually stay,at,home,on,Sundays.,7.(adv.)副 词表示动作的特征或性状特征。I li,9.,(conj.),连词,连接词与词或句与句的作用。,He,and,I are in the same class,and,we are good friends.,Two,or,three of us can dance well,but,I can,t.,10.,(interj.),感叹词,表示强烈的感情,Oh,!,How,beautiful the scene is!,What,a good idea!,Goodness,!,9.(conj.)连词连接词与词或句与句的作用。He a,动,词,的,分,类,连系动词,实意动词,助动词,情态动词,及物动词,不及物动词,动词是英语句子的核心！,动连系动词实意动词助动词情态动词及物动词不及物动词动词是英语,Members of a Sentence,Members of a Sentence,一、主语,主语（,subject,）：,句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于,_,。,1.,Lucy,likes her new bike.,2.,We,work hard.,3.To learn a foreign language,is not easy.,4.,Playing,football after school,is great fun.,句首,一、主语主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般,1.We,love,China.,2.We,have finished,reading this book.,3.He,can speak,English.,4.She,seems,tired.,二、谓语,谓语,:,说明主语,做什么,或,怎么样,。通常由,_,充当,.,动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词和助动词,.,动词,1.We love China.二、谓语谓语:说明主语做什,情态动词,和,助动词,不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语,.,They,can speak,English well.,They,are playing,over there.,情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一,1,）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有,be,一词,He,is,a teacher.,2,）持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有,keep,remain,stay,He always,kept,silent at meeting.,他开会时总保持沉默。,系动词,1）状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be一词 系动词,3,）表像系动词，用来表示,看起来像,这一概念，主要有,seem,appear,look,例如：,He looks tired.,He seems(to be)very sad.,4,）感官系动词，主要有,feel,smell,sound,taste,This flower smells very sweet.,3）表像系动词，用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem,5,）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有,become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,He became mad after that.,6,）终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有,prove,turn out,The rumor proved false.,这谣言证实有假。,His plan turned out a success.,他的计划终于成功了。,5）变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,g,三、宾语,宾语,：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在,_,或,_,后面,.,1.We study,English.,2.Our teacher,said,that he would go there.,3.He is looking at,the dog,.,双宾语,：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。,He gave,me,two books,.,及物动词,介词,三、宾语宾语：动作行为的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在_,表语,：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态,.,The trees turn,green.,The flower is,beautiful.,四、表语,表语：跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,定语：用来修饰,_.,This is a,red,car.,The building is,their teaching,building.,The,woman,doctor is my wife.,I have something,to tell you,.,The man,in front of the gate,is Mr.Li.,Every,student has an,English,book.,五、定语,名词,定语：用来修饰_.This is a red ca,状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。,六、状语,状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、方式、因,John,often,came,to chat with me,(),As he was ill,he didnt come to class yesterday.,(),She is sitting,at the desk,doing her homework.,(),My father worked,in this school ten years ago.,(),Though he is young,he knows a lot.(),He came,running.,(),程度，目的,地点，伴随,地点，时间,让步,方式,原因,John often came to chat with m,补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。,七、补语,Everyone calls him,Jack.,（宾补）,He is called,Jack.,（主补）,补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。七、补语Every,同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明,The Great Wall,one of the wonders in the world,attracts a large number of foreign friends.,八、同位语,同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补,时态,主动,语态,一般将来时,过去将来时,一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成时,will do,would do,do/does,did,is/am/are doing,was/were doing,has/have done,had done,has/have been doing,had been doing,will have done,时态,时态,被,动,语态,一般将来时,过去将来时,一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时,现在完成进行时,过去完成进行时,将来完成时,will be done,would be done,is/am/are done,was/were done,is/am/are being done,was/were being done,has/have been done,had been done,will have been done,时态,一、主语 主语可以用下面这些形式表示：,1.,The sun,rises in the east.,（）,2.,He,likes dancing.,（）,3.,Two,will be enough.(),4.,Seeing,is believing.,（）,6.,To see,is to believe.,（）,7.,When to hold the meeting,has not been decided yet.(),8.,What he needs,is a book.,（）,9.,It,is very clear,that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.,（）,名词,代词,数词,动名词,不定式,疑问词,+,不定式,从句,It,作形式主语，,that,从句是真正的主语,一、主语 主语可以用下面这些形式表示：名词代词数词动名词不,当,不定式、动名词或从句,在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用,it,作形式主语,置于,句首,，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时,it,只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。,什么情况下用,it,作形式主语？,当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句,你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗,?,你懂得翻译下列句子吗？,1)It is wrong to tell a lie.()2)It is no use arguing about it.()3)It is u