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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,二级,三级,四级,五级,*,第二部分,词法篇,其他词类,专题,1,名词,第二部分 词法篇其他词类专题1 名词,核心考点精析,名词在高考中的应用,模拟强化练,1,2,3,核心考点精析名词在高考中的应用模拟强化练123,核心考点精析,名词的核心考点,1.,可数名词的数,这里主要讲其不规则变化。,(1),单、复数同形。如：,means,，,aircraft,，,deer,，,fish,，,Chinese,，,Japanese,，,sheep,，,works(,工厂,),，,cattle,。,(2),合成名词的复数。如：,boyfriend,boyfriends,，,gobetween,gobetweens(,中间人,),，,grownup,grownups,。,核心考点精析名词的核心考点1.可数名词的数,(3),有些名词通常只用作复数。如：,glasses,眼镜，,clothes,衣服，,goods,货物，,trousers,裤子，,belongings,所有物，,wages,工资，,riches,财富，,surroundings,环境，,ashes,灰尘，,passes,圆规，,cattle,家畜，,congratulations,祝贺，,have words with sb.,同某人吵架，,in high spirits,情绪高涨地，,give one,s regards to sb.,向某人问好，,in rags,衣衫褴褛，,It is good manners to do sth.,做某事是有礼貌的。,(3)有些名词通常只用作复数。如：glasses眼镜，clo,(4),集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：,people,，,cattle,，,police,；有些名词只用作单数，如：,machinery,，,furniture,，,mankind,，,jewellery,；有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看作整体，复数看作集体的各个成员。如：,The crew is large.,船员人数很多,(,指整体,),。,The crew are all tired.,船员们都累坏了,(,指个体,),。,(4)集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：peop,2.,不可数名词的数,(1),一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：,抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。,抽象名词,(,不可数,),具体化,(,个体名词，可数名词,),in surprise,惊讶地,a surprise,一件令人惊讶的事,win success,获得成功,a success,一个,(,件,),成功的人,(,事,),win honour,赢得荣誉,an honour,一个,(,件,),引起尊敬的人,(,事,),failure,失败,a failure,一个失败者,/,一件失败的事,by experience,靠经验,an experience,一次经历,with pleasure,乐意,a pleasure,一件乐事,2.不可数名词的数抽象名词(不可数)具体化(个体名词，可数名,抽象名词与,a(an),连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。,A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.,Would you like to have a walk (swim,，,bath,，,talk) with me?,It is a waste of time reading such a novel.,She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.,抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体,(2),物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之多时，可以用作可数名词。,物质名词有形或数的相应物体时，有单、复数。如：,some coffee,一些咖啡，,a coffee,一杯咖啡，,three coffees,三杯咖啡；,some drink,一些饮料，,a drink,一杯饮料，,three drinks,三杯饮料；,his hair,他的头发，,a few grey hairs,几根白发；,glass,玻璃，,a glass,一只玻璃杯。,(2)物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之多时，可以用作,3.,名词所有格,(1),s,所有格,the boy,s mother,，,the children,s toys,，,the teachers,books,，,Lucy and Lily,s bedroom(,共用,),，,Lucy,s and Lily,s bedrooms(,各自的,),(2),“,of,名词,”,所有格,the roof of the house,，,the cover of the book,，,the name of the girl wearing a red coat,，,a picture of my father(,a picture that my father is in),(3),双重所有格,a friend of my brother,s(,one of my brother,s friends),，,a picture of my father,s(,one of my father,s pictures),3.名词所有格,(4),“,s,”,所有格的特殊表示形式有：,用于表示人的名词或表集体、机构的名词后，如：,Tom,s home,，,the doctor,s,，,the pany,s new factory,等。,用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后，如：,today,s newspaper,，,five minutes,walk(drive),，,five pounds,weight,，,ten dollars,worth of coffee,。,用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后，如：,the world,s population,，,China,s industry,，,New York,s parks,。,(4)“s”所有格的特殊表示形式有：,(5),所有格的句法功能,表所有关系,Jacks brother,表主谓关系,Mr Wangs praise,表动宾关系,the famous stars admirers,表修饰关系,a doctors degree,表同位关系,(,只用,of,所有格,)the city of Beijing,(5)所有格的句法功能,4.,名词的功能,(1),可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语,Mary turned nurse.,He bought a new book.,We made him monitor of our class.,(2),作定语,英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。,4.名词的功能,分类意义,air pollution,空气污染,boy friend,男朋友,coffee cup,咖啡杯,body language,身体语言,road accident,交通事故,the Nobel Prize,诺贝尔奖,时间、地点、称呼等,Doctor Jack,杰克医生,Professor Li,李教授,evening school,夜校,winter sleep,冬眠,表目的、手段、来源、所属意义,reception desk,接待台,sports field,田径场,stone table,石桌,color TV,彩电,分类意义,(3),作状语,名词作状语多为表时间或距离等概念的名词。,The war lasted eight years.,(4),作同位语,Tom,，,our monitor,，,left school last year.,返回,(3)作状语返回,名词在高考中的应用,名词与语法填空,在语法填空中，对于名词的考查主要涉及可数名词的复数、名词的所有格以及词类变换。,名词在高考中的应用名词与语法填空在语法填空中，对于名词的考,典题试做,1,用括号内所给词的正确形式填空,1.In addition to their simple beauty,，,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their,(able) to,“,air condition,”,a house without using electric equipment.(2015,全国,),解析,形容词性物主代词,their,之后应当用名词，故将,able,转化为其名词形式,ability,。,ability,解析答案,典题试做1用括号内所给词的正确形式填空ability解析答案,2.I,d skipped nearby Guilin,，,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese,(painting).(2015,全国,),解析,由于该名词由,so many,修饰，故填该名词的复数形式,paintings,。,3.While there are amazing stories of instant transformation,，,for most of us the,(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,，,like cleaning up a polluted river.Just be patient.(2014,新课标全国,),解析,考查名词复数。前面是定冠词,the,，因此后面要用名词，再由谓语动词,are,可知此空要用其名词的复数形式，故填,changes,。,paintings,changes,解析答案,2.Id skipped nearby Guilin，a,4.I feel my legs shaking.I cannot do this any longer.Unbelievable,！,Oh.,，,if you don,t mind,，,I,ll stop and take a deep,.(2014,辽宁,),解析,考查根据上下文语境填词。根据语境可知，说话者对于现在正在进行的活动感到体力不支，因此需要停下来深吸一口气。,take a deep breath,深吸一口气。,5.But Jane knew from past experience that her,(choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.(2009,广东,),解析,空格前有形容词性物主代词，所以空格处应填名词，,choose,的名词形式是,choice,。,breath,choice,解析答案,4.I feel my legs shaking.I can,应对策略,1,首先要弄清数与格，即名词是否该用复数，是否要用所有格；其次，注意有关名词的构词法，即有关名词的词类转换。这就要求考生要搞清楚名词在句中作什么成分，近几年常考名词作主语、宾语、表语的情况。,应对策略1首先要弄清数与格，即名词是否该用复数，是否要用所有,名词与短文改错,短文改错中对于名词的考查最可能考查名词的数与格。汉语中的名词在形式上没有复数变化，而是通过在其前加数词或量词等方式来表示。而英语则不同，除了在名词前加数词外，如果是可数名词，还须用其名词复数形式，而不可数名词没有复数形式。其次名词的考查还会涉及词性转换方面的错误。,名词与短文改错短文改错中对于名词的考查最可能考查名词的数与,典题试做,2,单句改错,(,每小题,1,处错误,),1.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.(2015,全国,),解析,由后面的定语从句,we breathe in,可知，此处先行词的意思是,“,空气,”,，,air,当,“,空气,”,讲时为不可数名词。故,airs,改为,air,。,答案,airs,air,解析答案,典题试做2单句改错(每小题1处错误)解析答案,2.One day,，,little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was.his parents were missing.Tony saw his parents.(2015,全国,),解析,从后文可以看出,Tony,的父母一起和他去的购物中心，后文两次出现,parents,，所以应该将,parent,改为,parents,。,答案,parent,parents,3.As I told you last time,，,I made three new friend here.(2015,四川,),解析,名词,friend,为可数名词，其前有,three,修饰，需要用复数形式，故把,friend,改成,friends,。,答案,friendfriends,解析答案,2.One day，little Tony went to,4.My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made from glass.(2015,浙江,),解析,前面有,three,修饰，故,side,要用复数形式,sides,。,答案,sidesides,5.Mum taught me some basic step of baking.(2015,陕西,),解析,根据前面的,some,可知，,step,应该用复数形式。,答案,stepsteps,6.For example,，,we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.(2014,新课标全国,),解析,由,one and a half,可知，,hour,应用复数形式。,答案,第一个,hourhours,解析答案,4.My old classroom was interes,7.We,ve called several time about Cleo,s early morning barking.(2014,辽宁,),解析,time,在此处意为,“,次数,”,，为可数名词，再根据前面的,several,可知，应用,times,。,答案,time,times,8.This made for the grow in the porcelain industry.(2013,新课标全国,),解析,定冠词,the,后面应跟名词形式，故,grow,应改为,growth,。,答案,growgrowth,解析答案,7.Weve called several time ab,9.He has ruined his healthy.(2013,辽宁,),解析,在形容词性物主代词后应用名词，所以应把,healthy,改为,health,。,答案,healthyhealth,10.When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes.,(2011,新课标全国,),解析,根据句意可知，当我最后到达,“,我朋友的家,”,(my friend,s),时，他借给我许多衣服。故,friend,应改为,friend,s,。,答案,friend,friend,s,解析答案,9.He has ruined his healthy.(2,应对策略,2,遇到名词首先注意区分它是可数名词还是不可数名词；其次还可以根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。此外，还要注意名词的所有格以及名词的句法功能，判断是否存在词性转换方面的错误。,应对策略2遇到名词首先注意区分它是可数名词还是不可数名词；其,书面表达中名词易错点聚焦,1.,写作中对于复数名词易疏漏,s,或,es,，如：,(,误,)I,d love to make,friend,with you.,(,误,)All the,picture,displayed are of great value.,2.,部分名词的复数变化错误，如：,familys,，,knifes,，,difficultys,，,pianoes,，,heros,，,woman doctors,，,tooths,，,childrens,，,medias,。,书面表达中名词易错点聚焦1.写作中对于复数名词易疏漏s或,3.,部分词性易混作名词，如：,动词误作名词,形容词误作名词,动词,名词,形容词,名词,succeed,success,honest,honesty,affect,effect,healthy,health,3.部分词性易混作名词，如：动词误作名词形容词误作名词动词名,4.,可数与不可数名词混淆。如：,不可数,可数,take action,take measures,some advice,some suggestions,take exercise,eye exercises,make progress,information,返回,4.可数与不可数名词混淆。如：不可数可数take actio,模拟强化练,.,单句语法填空,1.He had witnessed too many,(die) and wounds at the Battle of Solferino in Italy four years earlier,，,in which 40,000 people were killed,，,wounded or missing.,解析,考查词性转换。这里指的是,“,死亡,”,，是可数名词，在句中作及物动词,witness,的宾语，空前的,too many,暗示应用,death,的复数形式。,deaths,解析答案,模拟强化练.单句语法填空deaths解析答案,2.Apple,s new machine,，,the Lisa,，,proved to be an expensive,(fail).,解析,考查派生词的用法。从空前的,“,an expensive,”,可知此处缺少一个名词，故填,failure,。,failure,在此处意为,“,失败的事,”,，为可数名词。,3.I ran into my neighbor,，,Dennis,，,yesterday afternoon.He asked if I wanted two tickets to the theater.He had season tickets but couldn,t go to this,(perform).,解析,根据,this,的提示可知，此处应该使用,perform,的名词形式。,failure,performance,解析答案,2.Apples new machine，the Lisa,4.Tourism should also advance the wealth and,(happy) of local inhabitants.,解析,根据,and,平行关系及其前名词,wealth,可知，应填,happy,的名词形式。,5.These people have made great,(contribute) to China with their work.,解析,考查固定短语,make contributions to,“,对,作贡献,”,。,happiness,contributions,解析答案,4.Tourism should also advance,6.They get advice from,“,(strange),”.,When they need advice,，,they don,t usually go to people they know.,解析,考查名词的复数。根据下一句中的,“,don,t,”,及,“,people they know,”,可知，空处意为,“,陌生人,(stranger),”,。,stranger,为可数名词，其前面没有限定词，应填复数形式。,7.My first,(impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.,解析,形容词性物主代词,my,之后应当用名词，故应填,impress,的名词形式,impression,。,strangers,impression,解析答案,6.They get advice from “,8.Those who suffer from headache will find they get,(relieve) from this medicine.,解析,动词,get,后缺少宾语，故应用,relieve,的名词形式,relief,。,get relief from,因,得到缓解。,9.Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?,Well,，,you know,，,English is my,(strong).So it is my best choice.,解析,分析句子结构可知，谓语动词,is,后缺少表语，故应填,strong,的名词形式,strength,。,relief,strength,解析答案,8.Those who suffer from headac,10.I made a,(decide) to look at the flight monitors to see if there was an earlier flight to San Francisco.,解析,考查词性转换。,make a decision,意为,“,作出一个决定,”,。,decision,解析答案,10.I made a (dec,.,单句改错,(,每小题,1,处错误,),1.Within the next few minute,，,my grandfather also caught a fish.,答案,minuteminutes,2.You told me the name of different plants and their characteristics.,答案,namenames,3.Mom,，,I know I have never expressed my thank to you before.,答案,thankthanks,4.The food was wonderful with reasonable prices,，,and we enjoyed several local dish.,答案,dishdishes,答案,.单句改错(每小题1处错误)答案,5.Another way is to watch our everyday use of water and electric at home.,答案,electricelectricity,6.From the time I was about four until I was about six,，,I destroyed each of my toy.,答案,toytoys,7.We,，,as well as animal,，,cannot live without water and neither agriculture nor industry can go without it.,答案,animalanimals,答案,5.Another way is to watch our,8.In early January this year,，,the rate of UFO reports was steady,，,around three per weeks.,答案,weeksweek,9.Tom was having much troubles getting up in the morning and was always late for work.,答案,troublestrouble,10.It felt very strange to travel without any luggages.,答案,luggagesluggage,答案,8.In early January this year，t,.,语法填空,A,(,名词专练,),Born on August 23,1988 in America,，,Jeremy ShuHow Lin is a professional basketball 1.,(play) with the Huston Rockets 2.,the National Basketball Association (NBA).But,，,to some degree,，,many Chinese fans and 3.,(coach) take him as a Chinese guy or at least are willing to imagine him 4.,Chinese just because he has a typical Chinese face and his parents were born in China.,player,of,coaches,a,答案,.语法填空playerofcoachesa答案,Jeremy Lin has recently bee 5.,success and attracted the world,s 6.,(attend),，,which gives Chinese people a lot of 7.,(imagine) and pride.As we know,，,in most 8.,(people) eyes,，,Jeremy is a miracle.,In June,2012,，,when Jeremy took his third trip to China,，,a large crowd came to meet him,，,among whom there were various fans including some,9.,(family),，,some children and even some 10.,(woman) players.,a,attention,imagination,peoples,families,women,答案,Jeremy Lin has recently bee 5.,B,China will allow all couples to have two children,11.,(give) up its decades-long one-child policy,，,the Communist Party of China (CPC) 12.,(announce) after a key meeting on Thursday.,The change of policy is intended to balance population development and meet the challenge of an aging population,，,according to a muniqu(,公报,) 13.,(issue) after the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee held from Monday to Thursday.,giving,announced,issued,答案,Bgivingannouncedissued答案,The proposal must be approved by the top legislature(,立法机关,),14.,it es into force.,China,s family planning policy was first introduced in the late 1970s 15.,(control) the rapid 16.,(grow) of population by limiting most urban couples 17.,one child,，,and as to rural couples,，,they can have two children on condition that their first child born was a girl.The policy was later relaxed.Parents 18.,were both only children in their family could have 19.,second child.,before,to control,growth,to,who/that,a,答案,The proposal must be approved,The one-child policy was 20.,(far) loosened in November 2013 after the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee,，,and couples are allowed to have two children if one of them is an only child.,further,答案,返回,The one-child policy was 20.,感谢亲观看此幻灯片，此课件部分内容来源于网络，,如有侵权请及时联系我们删除，谢谢配合！,感谢亲观看此幻灯片，此课件部分内容来源于网络，,
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