管理学基础Chapter 4

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Chapter,4,Foundations of Decision Making,Identification of,a problem,Identification of,Decision criteria,Allocation of,Weights to criteria,Development of,alternatives,Analysis of,alternatives,Selection of an,alternative,Implementation of,The alternative,Evaluation of decision,effectiveness,Decision-making process-8 steps,An example of the Decision-Making Process,Identifying,a Problem,Identifying,Decision Criteria,Allocating Weights,to Criteria,I need to buy,a new car.,Price,Interior Comfort,Durability,Repair Record,Performance,Price,Interior Comfort,Durability,Repair Record,Performance,10,8,6,4,2,Decision-making process:Car buying example,Developing,Alternatives,Analyzing,Alternatives,Selecting,an Alternative,Implementing,the Choice,The Toyota,is the best.,Ford,Jeep,Mazda,Dodge,Audi,Isuzu,Chevy,Price,Comfort,Durability,Repair Record,Performance,Toyota,Chevy,Isuzu,Audi,Dodge,Mazda,Jeep,Ford,Toyota,Appraising,Decision Results,Decision-making process:Car buying example,S1-Identify a problem,Solving the wrong problem perfectly is no better than do nothing for the right problem,Problem is,identified by comparing,the current state with some standards that represent a desired state of,affairs,:,Past performance,previously set goals,performance of other units/organizations,Problem identification is subjective in nature,S2-Decision criteria,They reflect,the factors that managers think important,in making the choice,They are,not equally important,A simple approach to deal with different criteria is to assign them different weights,Judgments are involved in selecting criteria and assigning,weights,S3,4,5,6-Develop,analyze and select alternatives,Exhibit 4.5,S7,8-Implementation and evaluation,Selecting the,“best”choice,based on the analysis,Putting,the,decision into action includes,Communicating with those to be affected and,Gaining their commitment of support,Participation of decision making brings enthusiasms,Evaluation of the decision result is an important phase of decision making process and part of the controlling function,