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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Task-writing,How to write the summary of an arguementation,如何写议论文的概括段,Step 1,读写任务概括段的命题特点与要求,即,概括,给出材料,文章的主旨,要,用自己的话用30个字左右(26-38)“改写”,给出文章的主要内容，,不能直接照抄原文,中的句子，也,不能增加与原文无关的信息,.,概括段的评分标准,概括,(满分5分),1.完全不理解，照抄原文,(0分),2.死板机械地抄，不改变原文顺序,(1分),3.改变主语或宾语的抄为主,(2分),(灵活地抄),4.稍为改动总体的抄,(3分),5.改变句子、用词，重新排列组织,(45分),(字数30左右),Getting up early has been regard as a good habit since ancient times.Many years ago,people thought that if we went to bed early and get up early,we would be energetic the whole day.So,getting up early is of great importance to us all.,In fact,morning is the best time of a day.In the morning,the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditions.Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than any other time of the day.,If we do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning,we can build our bodies and become much healthier.Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early.However,if we get up late,we will probably have to do everything in a great hurry.,Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it.If we stick to getting up early every day,we will certainly benefit a lot from it.,1,.,论点,(the topic sentence):,Getting up early/a good habit,/of great importance,2.论据 (supporting sentences),1),a,better memory,2)a healthier body,3)a better preparation for the day,3.,结论,(,Conclusion).,a good habit,/benefit a lot,In the passage,the author holds the view that,getting up early in the morning is a good habit,that,will benefit us a lot,including,a better memory,healthier body,and,better preparation for the day,.(37 words),这类文章概括段常用的开头用语,A:In the passage,the author hold,s,the view that+从句.,B:The passage give,s,the view that+从句,1.如何找论点、论据、（结论）？,1）,论点,（,首段或尾段的首句或尾句，,若 在,文中或段落,中,常有提示词：however,but,）,2）,论据,（,中间各段落首句，常有提示词：,firstly/secondly/besides/whats more/finally,）,3）,结论,（,尾段首句或尾句，常有提示词：,In short/In a word/So/Therefore,）,1.题材：议论文,2.文章结构：,论点+3个论据+结论(,总-分-总,),3.议论文概括段的要素：,三要素：,论点、论据和结论,2.如何改写,Skill 1:用同义词，词性变化或不同句式替换,Skill 2:避免重复,删掉细节,Skill 3:运用短而精的连词。,如but,and,so,however,because,therefore,besides,including,such as,not only but等。,A.,1)Driving a private car has a lot of,disadvantages,.,2)Driving a private car has _.,B.,1)Watching TV is,educational,.It is a good way to help us relax by watching TV.,2)Watching TV can not only _ us,_ make us _.,C.,G,etting up early in the morning is a good habit that will benefit us a lot,_ a better memory,healthier body and better preparation for the day.,many shortcomings,including/such as,educate,but,relaxed,Passage 1,Although big cities provide people with many conveniences,they certainly have their own disadvantages.,Traffic is the first and often the most serious problem.The majority of people spend a great deal of time on their way to work or coming back from work.During the rush time,all the streets are jammed with packed buses and endless lines of bicycles and cars,and avoidable accidents occur,resulting in broken limbs and traffic deaths.,Air pollution comes second.Factories and moving vehicles are constantly giving off smoke and harmful gases.There is no way to get fresh air except to go out of the city on weekends or holidays.If the weather is bad,youll fine the whole city overcast with smog.As a result,pollution induces diseases are now a common occurrence.,However,noise and violence are to be found in every big city and the situation seems to get worse year by year.,In short,life in big cities is rather unnatural and unhealthy.,they certainly have their own disadvantages.,Traffic is the first and often the most serious problem,Air pollution comes second,However,noise and violence are to be found in every,big city and the situation seems to get worse year by year,In short,life in big cities is rather unnatural and unhealthy.,用自己的话改写论点、论据,论点：,Although big cities provide people with many conveniences,they certainly have their own disadvantages,论据1：,Traffic is the first and often the most serious problem.,论据2：,Air pollution comes second.,论据3：,However,noise and violence are to be found in every big city and the situation seems to get worse year by year.,结论：,In short,life in big cities is rather unnatural and unhealthy.,Nowadays many people prefer to travel by air.This is because air travel has some advantages.Firstly,airplane,the miracle created by man,is the fastest means of transport.Secondly,traveling by air is convenient and comfortable.Friendly air hostesses are affectionate and considerate.They look after passengers all the way to their destinations.Moreover,on long distance flights there are films and music for people to entertain themselves.But it has some disadvantages,too.For one thing,air travel costs a great deal
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