基本知识与技能课件

单击此处编辑节标题,第一章 制图基本知识,Chapter 1 Basic Drawing Knowledge,第1章 制图基本知识,11 Basic Stipulation for Technical Drawing GB,技术制图国家标准的基本规定,13 Geometry Drawing,几何作图,12 Dimensioning,尺寸注法,14 Size Analyzing,Dimensioning and Drawing Steps in,Planar Drawing,平面图形的尺寸分析、尺寸注法与画图步骤,11 国家标准技术制图与机械制图的 基本规定,图纸幅面及格式,比例,字体,图线,尺寸注法,11,Basic Stipulation for Technical Drawing and,Mechanical Drawing,GB,Size and format,of drawing,Scale,Font,Drawing string,Dimensioning,一、图纸幅面及格式（GB/T 146891993）,The size and format of drawing,五种幅面Five kinds of basic size：,A,0,A,4,1189,841,A,0,A,1,A,2,A,3,A,4,幅面代号,A0,A1,A2,A3,A4,尺寸（B*L）,841 1189,594 841,420 594,297 420,210 297,图幅,Drawing size,图框,Drawing boundary,标题栏,Title bar,Non-binding edge type for drawing boundary,不留装订边的图框格式,(a),(b),Binding edge type for drawing boundary,留有装订边的图框格式,（a）,（b）,简化标题栏格式,The format of simplified title bar,序 号,名 称,数 量,材 料,备 注,14,45,14,25,8,7,（,图 名）,（,单 位）,（图 号）,制图,校对,审核,比例,重量,数量,12,20,15,15,45,45,130,6,6,6,6,6,34,二、比例,Scale,（GB/T 146901993）,图样中图形与其实物相应要素的,线性尺寸,之比,The ratio between graphic linear dimension of drawing and the homologous linear dimension of the practicality is called scale.,绘图时应注意,选用标准比例,图面 ：实物,Drawing:Practicality,原值比例,1:1,放大比例,5:1 510,n,:1,2:1 2 10,n,:1,1 10,n,:1,缩小比例,1:2 1:210,n,1:5 1:5 10,n,1:10 1:110,n,注意,Notice,：,尺寸数字与画图比例无关,The non-relevance between dimension and drawing scale,8,16,17,(a)1:2,不同比例的视图应加以标注,If some of the parts had been drawn with different scale,it must be given addition label,2:1,图样上标注尺寸时必须按机件的实际尺寸填写。,The dimensioning must be filled in with the true size,8,16,17,(c)2:1,8,16,17,(b)1:1,三、字体,Font,（GB/T 146911993）,字体工整、笔画清楚、间隔均匀、排列整齐,字号,Typeface,：20、14、10、7、5、3.5、2.5、1.8,Typeface skill whole,stroke clarity,interval uniformity,arrange tidiness.,1.汉字应写成长仿宋体，并应采用国家正式公布推行的简化字。汉字的高度不应小于3.5mm。,The Chinese must written in long imitation song-dynasty,and must use the simplified character which published and popularized by state.The length of Chinese must not less than 3.5mm.,2.字母和数字分为A型和B型两种。在一张图上只能采用同一种字体。,Both letter and number have two types include A and B.But there were only one type on a drawing.,3.图样上的字母和数字可写成斜体和直体。斜体字的字头向右倾斜，与水平基准成75。,The letter and number on the drawing could be written in italic and lifting.The heading of italic must list to starboard and the horizontal reference was 75.,Font sample,字体示例,1.Sample of long imitation song-dynasty Chinese,长仿宋体汉字示例,2.Sample of Latin letter,拉丁字母示例,The capitalization and italic of A Font,A型字体大写斜体,The lower case and italic of A Font,A型字体小写斜体,3.,Demonstration,of,Arabic numerals,阿拉伯数字示例,Italic,斜体,Lifting,直体,A Font,A型字体,4.Demonstration of Roman numerals,罗马数字示例,Italic,斜体,Lifting,直体,A Font,A型字体,四、图线,Drawing string,（GB/T 174501998，GB/T 4457.42002）,粗实线,Heavy solid line,细实线,Fine solid line,细虚线,Fine dotted line,细点画线,Fine stipple line,波浪线,Cutting plane line,细双点画线,Fine two-stipple line,1.同类图线规格一致,2.虚线、点画线和双点画线相交时，应在画线处相交,3.虚线是实线的延长线时，留有空隙；否则不留空隙,4.轴线和对称中心线应超出轮廓35mm,5.图形较小时，可用细实线代替细点画线和细双点画线,1.In a identical drawing,the width of uniformity solid should substantial agreement.,2.,If the dotted line,stipple string and two-stipple string had any intersect,they must intersect at the lineation.,3.The dotted line is the extension cords of solid line,leaving gaps;otherwise,without leaving any gaps.,4.,While drawing the axis string,center of symmetry,all of them should go beyond contour 3 to 5 mm.,5.If the graphic was too small,the fine solid string could substitute stipple string and two-stipple string.,细点画线的画法,细点画线两端应是画线不能是点,圆心应是画线相交，不能是点,圆心必须是画线相交,超出图形太长,用细实线代替较短点划线,超出图形约35mm,(a),正确,(b)错误,尺寸标注要求做到：正确、完整、清晰、合理。,所谓正确，即尺寸标注要符合有关国家标准的要求；所谓完整，即尺寸注写必须齐全，要求做到不多、不少、不重复；所谓清晰，即尺寸布局明显、有规律，便于看图；所谓合理，即所注尺寸既要保证设计要求，同时又要考虑加工和测量时的方便。,While dimensioning the drawing,the fellow rules must be obey:exactness,integrity,clearness,reason.The exactness means the dimension must concern the GB.The integrity means the dimension must written uniform full,and not much,not a little and not repeat.The clearness means the dimension layout distinctness,law,and facilitate see the drawing.The reason means the dimension as well as guarantee design requirement and consider the convenience of process and measure.,12尺寸注法,Dimensioning,尺寸标注要求做到：正确、完整、清晰、合理。,18,38,25,38,75,25,2,8,（一）基本规则,Basic rule,1.图样上所注尺寸应为机件的真实大小，与图样大小及绘图精度无关。,2.图样中所注尺寸一般以毫米为单位。,4.机件的每一尺寸一般只注一次，并应注在最明显的位置上。,3.图样上的尺寸为图样所示机件的最后完工尺寸。,12尺寸注法,Dimensioning,1.Dimension on the drawing is the,real size of the mechanical component,which has no relation to the size and,accuracy of drawing.,2.,The unit of the drawing dimension,is commonly millimeter(mm),3.The dimension on the drawing is the last finish size.,4.Every dimension of the mechanical component is labeled only once generally,and the dimension should be labeled at the most vivid drawing to reflect the structure.,尺寸界线,size borderline,（二）尺寸的构成,Composing of the dimension,尺寸构成的三要素:尺寸界线、尺寸线、尺寸数字,Three elements:size borderline,dimension line and dimension figure.,18,38,25,38,75,25,2,8,尺寸线,dimension line,尺寸数字,dimension figure,90,尺寸数字不允许任何图线所通过,尺寸符号,R12,S