大学英语四六级写作课件现象解释型

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,四级作文高分策略,Kelly 主讲,四级作文高分策略Kelly 主讲,1,大学英语四级考试大纲对写作的要求,教育部（2006修订版）明确规定写作部分要求考生达到大学英语课程教学要求中的一般要求，即“能完成一般性写作任务，能描述个人经历、观感、情感和发生的事件等，能写常见的应用文，能就一般性话题或提纲在半小时内写出,至少120词,的短文，内容基本完整，用词恰当，语意连贯。能掌握基本的写作技巧。”,大学英语四级考试大纲对写作的要求教育部（2006修订版）,2,评分标准,短文写作要求考生在,30分钟内,根据提纲写出一篇,120词以上,的短文，本部分的得分占总分的,15%,，采用,总分评分法,（Global Scoring），从,内容,和,语言,两个方面对作文进行综合评判。满分为15分，共分五等：14分、11分、8分、5分及2分（注：四级作文在试卷总分中占15%，改卷时按照作文总分15分来评改，然后经过处理转化为710分中的作文分数）。各个分数档的标准如下：,评分标准短文写作要求考生在30分钟内根据提纲写出一篇120词,3,评分,依据（,1.主题,、,2.表达,、,3.文字,、,4.语言,）,14分,切题,，,表达,思想清楚，,文字,通顺，连贯性较好。基本上无,语言,错误，仅有个别拼写错误。,11分,切题,，,表达,思想清楚，,文字,通顺，但有少量,语言,错误。,8分,基本,切题,，有些地方,表达,思想不够清楚，,文字,勉强连贯；,语言,错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。,5分,基本,切题,，,表达,思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重错误。,2分,条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。,0分,白卷；文不对题，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想。,评分依据（1.主题、2.表达、3.文字、4.语言）1,4,四六级高分要求,1 切题（不跑题）,2 脉络清晰，模式明确,3 字体美观,4 语法和拼写错误,5 不要有废话,6 结构句型和闪光词汇,7 字数120180之间,四六级高分要求1 切题（不跑题）,5,二、纵观历年大学英语四级考试作文题目，我们不难发现，近年来的四级作文凸显,三大趋势,：,1,实用性,增强,从,体裁,上看，议论文、说明文、应用文写作占绝大多数，记叙文偶尔也会涉及。到目前为止，虽然,议论文,占绝对优势，但近年来,应用文,上升的势头很猛，书信、欢迎词、祝贺词、招聘书、解说词、见证书、竞选演说等频频出现，集中体现了大纲对实际运用语言能力的要求。,2,主要考核,三大主题,从,内容,上看，所考题型都与考生熟悉的生活事件与现象有关。就,话题,而言，四级作文主要有三类：,社会热门话题,、,校园生活话题,和,日常生活话题,，如教师节、英语口试、计算机的使用、求职面试、上大学的费用等等，因此，平时应尽量偏向这几方面的主题进行练习。,3,注重,综合能力,的考核,四级作文从倾向于单纯考查某一文体，逐渐过渡到,几种文体的结合,。如：2004年6月的A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction是一篇解说词，属应用文，但同时要求说明和描写。这说明作文命题越来越灵活。,二、纵观历年大学英语四级考试作文题目，我们不难发现，近年来的,6,七类,常见的写作类型,.对比选择型,.现象解释型,.原因阐释型,.问题解决型,.应用型,.综合叙事型,.图表型,七类常见的写作类型.对比选择型,7,四级写作基本模式,三段式,文章,引言段,主题句(Topic Sentence),扩展句1(Developing Sentence 1),扩展句2(Developing Sentence 1),结尾句(Concluding Sentence),发展段,主题句(TS),扩展句1(DS1),扩展句2(DS2),结尾句(CS),结尾段,主题句(TS),扩展句1(DS1),扩展句2(DS2),结尾句(CS),四级写作基本模式三段式文章引言段主题句(Topic Se,8,.现象解释型,写作流程特点及写作要求,第一段：,概述,。,(简要描述某一现象或某一观点。),第二段：,具体阐述,。(具体阐释现象或观点的,正确性或危害性,等。),第三段：,个人见解,。(表明自己的态度或看法。),或者,第一段：,概述,。(简单描述某一现象或观点。),第二段：,具体阐述,。(具体阐述引起这种现象的或持有这种观点,考虑的主要因素,。),第三段：,个人评价,。(对现象或者观点进行评价。),.现象解释型写作流程特点及写作要求第一段：概述。(简要,9,.现象解释型句子模板（1）,1.分析原因：,There are many/plenty of/a number of/numerous reasons explaining/for,.,The reasons of,lie in several aspects,.,Many factors contribute to,.,There are many reasons that many account for,.,The reasons for/why,are as follows:,.,There are many reasons for it,but generally,they come down in three major ones.,.现象解释型句子模板（1）1.分析原因：,10,.现象解释型句子模板（2）,1.分析原因：,is mainly caused by,.,What caused these changes?,.,There are many factors that have stimulated this huge change.,The reasons that caused changes are diverse.On the one hand,.,On the other hand,.,The rapid growth of,owes much to,.,.现象解释型句子模板（2）1.分析原因：,11,.现象解释型句子模板,2.总结归纳/说明影响/表明作者态度/以作者个人为例：,Through the analysis,we can draw a conclusion that,.,In short/In brief,.,To solve the problem of,we,.,From all the facts given above,we can see,.,Considering all these/Taking all these into consideration/account,I believe,.,As to/for me,I believe,.,Take me as an example/In my own case,I,.,.现象解释型句子模板2.总结归纳/说明影响/,12,.现象解释型,作文模板（1),1 In recent years,(描写现状或趋势).,2 This has caused a lot of problems.,3 First,(结果1),.4 For example,(细节，说明结果1),.5 Second,(结果2),.,(细节，说明结果2),.6 Finally,(结果3),.,(细节，说明结果3),.,7 Since,is such a serious problem,we should take effective measures to,.8 First,we should,(措施1),.9 Besides,(措施2),.10 And finally,(措施3),.,.现象解释型作文模板（1)1 In recent ye,13,2008年12月份作文解析,1、一次性塑料袋曾经广泛使用,2、由此带来的问题,3、限制一次性塑料袋的意义,2008年12月份作文解析1、一次性塑料袋曾经广泛使用,14,分析中.,1 从选题意义,2 从文章结构,3 从文章构思上,分析中.1 从选题意义,15,提纲,Limiting the,use of disposable plastic bags,现象描述,带来的问题,限制的意义,提纲Limiting the 现象描述带来的问题限制的意义,16,对比和欣赏,题目：BicyclesAn Important Means of Transport in China,提纲：,（1）为什么自行车在中国这样普及,（2）和汽车的比较,（3）自行车在中国的前途,对比和欣赏题目：BicyclesAn Important,17,8分作文,Bicycle is an important means of transport in China.The important reason of it is the economy of Chinese.The use of bicycle in China is widely because people in China have not high wage.They can only afford a bicycle,and they have no money to buy a car which is too expensive.So Chinese usually buy a bicycle,and use it to go to work,or go to travel and so on.The other reason is the large population of China.All these made the bicycle become the important means of transport.,The bicycle,compared to the car,is not too expensive and it is easy to learn and to use and it can save the surface of putting it.It doesnt ask to build the garage like car.This point is very important to China,because of the lack of land.It isnt too expensive,so Chinese can afford it.It doesnt need any oil,and it cant cause the pollution.All of these are the good needs compared to the car.,In the future,bicycle will be widely used.And it will be in good demand.People will produce much more modern bicycles.,8分作文Bicycle is an important me,18,15分作文,Bicycles are very popular in China.,Almost every family in the city has two or three bicycles.During the rush hour,you can see that thousands of people-men and women,old and young-ride their bicycles to work and study.,That is why China is called“the kingdom of bicycles”,总-分-总,15分作文Bicycles are very popular,19,第二段-和汽车的比较,Co