英语的五种基本句型讲解

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,a(an)art.一（个、件）,able a.能够；有能力的,about ad.大约；到处；四处 prep.关于；在各处；四处,above prep.在上面 a.上面的 ad.在之上accept vt.接受,accident n.事故，意外的事,across prep.横过，穿过,act n.法令，条例 v.（戏）表演，扮演（角色），演出（戏）；行动，做事,address n.地址,advertisement n.广告,advice n.忠告，劝告，建议,afraid a.害怕的；担心,after ad.在后；后来 prep.在之后；在后面 conj.在以后,afternoon n.下午，午后,again ad.再一次；再，又,against prep.对着，反对,age n.年龄；时代,ago ad.以前,agree v.同意；应允,air n.空气；大气,dictation,英语五种基本句型及巩固练习,A.主语+系动词+表语（SVC）,B.主语+不及物动词(vi.)（SV）,C.主语+谓语动词(vt.)+宾语（SVO）,D.主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语（SVOO）,E.主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语（SVOC）,英语的五种基本句型,及物动词;它们不可以单独用，后面必须跟宾语。,False:They always want after lunch.,Right:They always want a cup of tea after lunch.,False:He is sending now.,Right:He is sending a letter now.,不及物动词；它们可以单独用，如果后面想接宾语，,动词后面必须加上介词。,Right:He is looking around.,False:He is looking me.,Right:He is looking at me.,Right:He is listening carefully.,False:He is listening the teacher carefully.,Right:He is listening to the teacher carefully.,A.主语+系动词+表语（SVC）英文中的系动词主要是指Be动词的各种变化形式，也包括那些有时起系动词作用的实义动词。这类动词常见的有：,Be动词,常见的有,appear（相似、显得）,come,fall,get,grow 变得,turn,become 变成,hold,keep,保持,remain（仍然是）,stand,stay（保持）,seem看起来 smell 闻起来,sound 听起来,taste 尝起来 feel摸起来,look看上去等。,起系动词作用的实义动词,airplane n.（美）飞机,airport n.航空站，飞机场,all ad.全部地 a.全（部）；,所有的；总；整 pron.全部；全体人员,allow vt.允许，准许,almost ad.几乎，差不多,alone a.单独的，孤独的,along ad.向前；和一起；一同 prep.沿着；顺着,aloud ad.大声地,already ad.已经,also ad.也,although conj.虽然，尽管,always ad.总是；一直；永远,am v.（be 的人称形式之一）,America n.美国；美洲,American a.美国的；美国人的n.美国人,among prep.在中间；在（三个以上）之间,and conj.和；又；而,angry a.生气的，愤怒的,animal n.动物,another a.再一；另一；别的；不同的 pron.另一个,We are students.,He is a doctor.,He is out of work.,The garden smells pleasant.,Silk feels soft and smooth.,This machine is in good condition,For example:,他是一个医生。,我们是学生。,机器运转得很好。,他失业了,丝绸摸起来又软又滑。,花园里香气袭人,。,B.主语+动词（SV）,本结构是由,主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,常用来,表示主语的动作,。,如：The sun rises.Tom has already left.,主语,可有修饰语-,定语,，,谓语,可有修饰语-,状语,。,如:,1.The,red,sun rises,in the east.,2.So they had to travel,by air or boat,.,3.We got up,early so as to catch the first,bus.,4.She sat,there,alone,reading a novel.,5.He came back,when we were eating.,6.,Weak,buildings will fall down,in an earthquake,but strong ones may stay up.,1她昨天回家很晚。,2会议将持续两个小时。,3在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化。,Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.,41919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。,5每天八时开始上课。,She went home very late yesterday evening,.,The meeting will last(for)two hours.,The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.,Classes begin at eight every day.,C.主语+动词+宾语（SVO）这一句型中的谓语动词是,及物动词，,那么它必须带有自己的宾语,否则会视为句子不完整。Tom has a brother.汤姆有一个弟弟。They wanted to have a rest.,他们想歇息一会儿。He successfully carried out his plan.他成功地实行了他的计划。,1昨晚我写了一封信。,2今天下午我想同你谈谈。,3这本书他读过多次了。,He has read this book many times,4那位先生能流利地说三种语言。,5我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。,6我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。,I wrote a letter last night,.,I want to talk with you this afternoon,.,That gentleman can speak three,languages fluently,.,I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia.,All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.,D.主语+动词+宾语+宾语（SVOO）此句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语：,前一个宾语称为“间接宾语”,，多由代词或名词充当；,后一个宾语称为“直接宾语”,，往往由名词充当。,如：,He brings me cookies every day.,但若要,先说出直接宾语（事物），,后说间接宾语,（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如：,He brings cookies to me every day.,She made a beautiful dress for me.,用,to,侧重指动作的方向，表示,朝着，向着，对着,某人。,用,for,侧重指动作的受益者，,表示为了某人，替某人,。,这类句型常有“给某人某物”、“送某人某物”、“留给某人某物”等意思。,常见的这类谓语动词有,：award 授予某人,buy 给某人买,bring 带给某人 get 给某人弄到,give 给某人,hand 递给某人,lend 借给某人 leave 留给某人,pay 支付某人 pass 递给某人,read 给某人读 rent(租赁某人 recommend 将某人推荐给 ,send 送给某人show 给某人看 tell 告诉某人,take 给某人拿 teach 教某人,write 给某人写 等。,（注：上面各词的中文释义是刻意按照该词的常用动词句型而给的，以便于大家更好地理解该词出现于哪个基本句型中。,He brought me a coat.他给我带来一件大衣。Pass me the dictionary,please.请将词典递给我。I lend him my bicycle.我把自行车借给他了。,1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。,2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。,3他把车票给列车员看。,4我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？,5新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。,Mr.Johnson taught us German last year,.,Grandma told me an interesting story last night.,He showed the ticket to the conductor,.,Shall I call you a taxi?,The new machine will save you a lot of labors,.,E.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语（SVOC）此句型概括了这样一种情况：有些及物动词的后面有时常带复合宾语结构（即：宾语+宾语补足语）。,在这一结构中，宾语补足语是对宾语“做什么”、“怎么样”等方面进行补充说明，从意义和结构上来说是必不可少。,在这一结构中，宾语和谓语动词当然是“动宾关系”，而宾语和它的补足语在逻辑上却是“主谓关系”。,宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词或介词短语担当。,例如：We elected him our,monitor,.,我们选他当班长。The news made me,happy,.,那消息使我很高兴。We know him,to be,an expert.,我们知道他是专家。He heard somebody,opening the door,.,他听见有人在开门。I found myself,in dark.,我发现自己还蒙在鼓里,代词,第一人称,第二人称,第三人称,人称代词主格,we,I,you,you,it,he,she,they,人称代词宾格,us,me,you,you,it,him,her,them,形容词性物主代词,our,my,your,your,its,his,her,their,名词性物主代词,ours,mine,yours,yours,its,his,hers,theirs,反身代词,ourselves,myself,yourself,yourself,itself,himself,herself,themselves,指示代词,this,that,these,those,相互代词,each other,one another,不定代词,one,any,some,all,both,each,either,neither,none,few,little,many,much,-body,-thing,-one,连接代词,what,who,which,whom,whose引导名词性从句,关系代词,who,which,that,whom,whose,as 引导定语从句,疑问代词,what,who,whom,which,whose 引导特殊疑问句,还有一种情况是用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。,即：,主语+谓语