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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,“,”,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,“,”,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Lecture,Subject-Verb Concord/Agreement(II),Problems of concord with a Coordinate Subject,Coordination with“and”or“bothand”,Coordination is usually treated as plural when it refers to two or more than two persons/things:,The fishing,and,the hunting in Arizona,wer,e,good that year.,Both,Pauline,and,Bob,have,gone fishing on Miramar Lake.,Rain,hail,and,wind,have,caused an estimated$22,000,000 damage to crops and livestock.,Coordination with“and”or“bothand”,But it is treated as singular when it refers to only one person or thing:,Ham,and,eggs,is,a good breakfast.,Brown bread,and,butter,is,usually eaten with smoked salmon.,The secretary,and,treasurer,is,absent.,Good taste,and,bad taste,are,inculcated by example.,What I say,and,what I think,are,no business of yours.,Every,boy,and,every,girl in this room,is,entitled to a copy.,Many a,man and woman in this community,finds,himself or herself/themselves in need,.,Coordination with“or”/“eitheror”,“nor”/“neithernor”,“not onlybut also”,Here the problem of concord is generally dealt with according to the,principle of proximity,.,My sisters,or,my brother,is,likely to be at home.,Either,her father,or,her mother,calls,for her every afternoon.,Either,my father,or,my brothers,are,coming.,Neither,the Kansas players,nor,the coach,was,overconfident.,Neither,the coach,nor,the Kansas players,were,confident of victory.,Not only,the switches,but also,the old wiring,has,been changed.,Subject+as much as,When the subject is followed by the subordinate structure such as,as much as,rather than,more than,no less than,the number of verb is determined by the subject itself.,Some of the workers,as much as,the manager,were,responsible for the loss.,His brother,rather than,his parents,is,to blame.,My wife,more than,anyone else in the family,is,anxious to go there again.,Man,no less than,the lower forms of life,is,the product of the evolutionary process.,Subject+as well as,When the subject is followed by the phrases such as,as well as,in addition to,with,along with,together with,except,the number of verb is determined by the subject itself.,The manager,with,some workers,was,working during the holidays.,The father,as well as,his sons,is,going to enroll.,Bill,together with,his sisters,was,hurt in the accident.,The truck,along with,all its contents,was,destroyed.,The barn,in addition to,the house,was,burned.,No one,except,two girls,was,late for dinner.,3.2,Problems of concord with expressions of quantity as subject,Concord with expression of definite quantity as subject,a),When a definite quantity is regarded as a single unit,the verb takes the singular form and when used in the sense of the individuals that constitute the quantity,the verb takes the plural form.Compare:,The treasurer thought that sixty-five dollars,was,not too much to ask.,Six months,is,too short a time,General Westmoreland warned.,Three miles,was,too long a distance for Freedman to run.,Five hours,is,needed to complete the outline.,There,were,six silver dollars in each of the stockings.,b),If the subject is“a fraction/percentage+of-phrase,”the form of the verb is determined by the noun in the of-phrase:,Two-thirds of the swampland,（沼泽地）,has,been reclaimed for farming.,Over sixty percent of the city,was,destroyed in the war.,Thirty-five per cent of the doctors,were,women.,c),If the subject is an expression of“A plus/and B”or“A multiplied by B,”the verb can either take the singular or the plural form.If,on the other hand,the subject is one of“A minus B”or“A divided by B”,the verb can only be singular:,Forty minus fifteen,leaves,twenty-five.,Forty divided by eight,is,five.,Seven plus/and five,makes/make,twelve.,Five times eight,is/are,forty.,d),If the subject is a noun phrase composed of“one in/out of+plural noun,”the verb takes the singular form in formal style,but in informal style it can be plural:,One in ten students,has,failed the exam.,One out of twenty,was,badly damaged.,Concord with expression of indefinite quantity as subject,a),When the subject is a noun phrase composed of“all of,some of,none of,half of,most of,etc.,”the number of the verb is determined by the noun in the of-phrase:,Some of the money,has,been stolen/recovered.,Some of the books,were,lost.,None but the best coffee,is,good enough.,None of my friends ever,come(s),to see me.,Half of t
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