古希腊罗马神话英文简介

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Text C True Greece in Classical Mythology,&,The Development of Greek Mythology,These beliefs and stories have been handed down through so many years and modified in so many ways that confusion as to their real origin has naturally arisen.,Classical Mythology Is Truly Greek,Mythology of Greece&Mythology of Roman,古希腊人认为大自然的一切现象都是由神主宰的，他们把自然力人格化，按照他们的想象塑造神的形象。到了公元前,2,世纪，希腊逐渐走向衰落，而罗马人在地中海一带取代了希腊人的统治。他们继承了希腊人的成就，也吸收了希腊神话的形象和内容，并给予拉丁化。因此，希腊和罗马的神话往往合称为希腊罗马神话，而同一个神话人物常常有两个不同的名字。,象希腊神话这样的罗马神话实际上并不存在，一直到罗马共和国末期罗马的诗人才开始模仿希腊神话编写自己的神话，罗马人没有传统的、象希腊神话中那样的神之间的斗争之类的传说。,罗马人传统具有的是：发展非常完善的仪式、祭司和一群互相关连的神。一套丰富的、关于罗马的诞生和发展的传说，在这些传说中，人起主要作用，神有时插手。,这说明罗马人对神的理解与希腊人不一样。假如问一个古希腊人，德米特尔是谁的话，他会说，德米特尔有一个非常漂亮的女儿，被哈底斯抢走了，因此德米特尔很悲伤，等等。,假如问一个古罗马人，赛尔斯是谁的话，他会说，赛尔斯有一个祭司，他的地位比朱庇特、玛尔斯和奎里努斯的祭司的地位低，但是比福罗拉和普慕那的地位要高。他会说，赛尔斯与其他两个掌管农业的神立波尔和利贝拉是一个组的，他可能还可以将那些帮助赛尔斯的小神的名字说出来。,因此古罗马的,“,神话,”,不是故事，而是神与神以及神与人之间错综复杂的关系。罗马初期的宗教后来被增加了许多有时甚至彼此矛盾的新内容，尤其是吸收了希腊神话的很多部分。今天我们对罗马神话的知识不是来自当时的记载，而是来自于后来一些试图将那些古老的传统保留下来的学者的描述。,比如生活于前,1,世纪的玛尔库斯,提伦提乌斯,瓦罗。一些其他的罗马作家，比如奥维德在写作时受到希腊的影响非常深，他们经常引用希腊神话来填补罗马神话中的空缺。,希腊语：,，或,），希腊神话中的主神，第三代神王。克洛诺斯和瑞亚之子，乌拉诺斯和盖亚之孙。众神之神，奥利匹斯山最高统治者。,The principal god of the Greek,pantheon,ruler of the heavens,and father of other gods and mortal heroes.,众神之神 宙斯,Zeus,朱庇特,Jupiter,朱庇特（拉丁语：,Iuppiter,），是古罗马神话中的众神之王，相对应于古希腊神话的宙斯（希腊语：,），西方天文学对木星的称呼以其命名。另外拉丁语中的“星期四”这个词也起源于朱庇特的名字，后来影响了许多西方语言。,The supreme god,patron of the Roman state and brother and husband of Juno,（注：朱诺，即希腊神话中的天后赫拉）,.,爱与美的女神 阿佛洛狄忒,Aphrodite,阿佛洛狄忒（希腊语：,）是希腊神话中是代表爱情、美丽与性欲的女神，同时也是丰育的女神。阿佛洛狄忒不仅是性爱女神，她也是司管人间一切情谊的女神。在希腊神话中，阿佛洛狄忒是奥林匹斯十二主神的一柱,。,The goddess of love and beauty,维纳斯,Venus,维纳斯是古代罗马神话故事中的女神，相对应于希腊神话的阿佛洛狄忒，小爱神丘比特是她的儿子。拉丁语的“金星”和“星期五”等词都来源于此。维纳斯也出现在诸多历代文学作品和西方油画里。影响力最大的艺术品是,1820,年在爱琴海米洛斯岛的山洞中发现的维纳斯雕像。,The goddess of sexual love and physical beauty.,The gods and goddesses were invited to the marriage of,Peleus,and Thetis(,忒弥斯，海的女神之一,).Only the goddess Eris(,厄里斯，不和女神,)was not invited,but she arrived with a golden apple inscribed with the word to the fairest one,which she threw among the goddesses.Aphrodite,Hera,and Athena all claimed to be the fairest,and thus the rightful owner of the apple.,one.,The goddesses chose to place the matter before Zeus,who,not wanting to favor one of the goddesses,put the choice into the hands of Paris(,帕里司，特洛伊王子）,.Finally,Paris chose Aphrodite as the fairest one.,Apple of Discord,希腊神话,宙斯,Zeus,罗马神话,象征及主司,朱庇特,Jupiter,天空和天气,赫拉,Hera,朱诺,Juno,婚姻和家庭,波塞冬,Poseidon,涅普顿,Neptune,海洋和风浪,阿佛洛狄忒,Aphrodite,维纳斯,Venus,爱与美,阿瑞斯,Ares,玛尔斯,Mars,战争和破坏,雅典娜,Athena,密涅瓦,Minerva,智慧和胜利,赫利俄斯,Helius,阿波罗,Apollo,太阳和音乐,阿尔忒弥斯,Artemis,狄安娜,Diana,狩猎和月亮,赫斐斯托斯,Hephaestus,乌尔肯,Vulcan,火和工匠,赫耳墨斯,Hermes,墨丘利,Mercury,情报与商业技术,哈得斯,Hades,普鲁托,Pluto,死亡和冥界,德米特尔,Demeter,赛尔斯,Ceres,谷物和丰饶,狄俄尼索斯,Dionysus,巴克科斯,Bacchus,酒和演剧,三足乌,中国,山海经,海内经,曰：“尧命羿仰射十日，中其九乌，堕羽翼，故留一日也。”三足乌以太阳神的身份出现一般认为他们是帝俊（伏羲）和羲和的十个儿子。,八咫乌,日本,八咫乌在日本神话中是天照大神大御命的使者，也是太阳的象征之一。有一种观点认为八咫乌原本是日本的土著文化，在接触到中国文化后逐渐变异成为现在这样的三足形象。,注：八咫乌中的“八咫”只是虚指其身形，身形修长，羽翼巨大，并没有提到它一定就是三足。而在中国文化中“划整是奇，代表天“。”奇数是阳数，太阳乌生有三足与中国传统文化是一脉相承的。这为推断日本乌受中国文化影响提供了立足点。,Classical mythology is the expression of the nature and thought of the Greeks,not that of the Romans.For the Greeks were by nature artistic;they instinctively expressed their ideals,the truth as the saw it,in poetry,story,and sculpture,and because imagination,insight,and love of beauty were united in them,their stories and art have an appeal that is universal.,The Development of Greek mythology,The religion and mythology of the Greek was not fixed and unchanging thing;it varied with different localities and changed with changing conditions.,“Wherever the Greeks Are,There Is Greece”,The Greece is not a nation in the strict sense or a people under one central government,but of the Greek race.,So the mythological stories grew and changed as they passed from Asia Minor to Greece,or from Greece to the islands of the Aegean Sea,to Italy and Sicily.Moreover,the independence of the individual in the Greek states,where men thought for themselves,and no autocratic government or powerful priesthood exerted undue restraint,fostered variety and permitted artists so to modify infinitely to the richness of mythology and art.,Different Areas,Different Gods,local conditions,too,and local pride,in a country broken both geographically and politically into small divisions,added variety to religious customs.,Furthermore,as they came in contact with other peoples and became familiar with their religious stories and ceremonial,they incorporated much that of foreign origin into their own religion.,Local heroes gathered stories about themselves,and local pride led people to place important events,such as the birth of a god or some important manifestation of his power,in their own localities.,Since mythology is not based on authority but grows from the soul of the people,it necessarily follows that as Greek life and thought grew and developed,as art was perfected and poetry and philosophy grew less simple,the telling of the myths