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Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,颅内高压患者血压(xuy)多少合适,第一页,共32页。,主题ICU常见(chn jin)的颅内高压症,脑外伤(,TBI,),颅高,压症,中风(zhng fng),脑出血(ICH),脑梗塞(ischemic),自发(zf)蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH),共同的特点:多存在高血压,继发性损害:出血加重和脑水肿,概述,第二页,共32页。,脑灌注压(CPP)与脑血流(CBF)的关系(gun x)(实验),概述(i sh),第三页,共32页。,脑血流的自主调节(tioji)功能(Cerebral Autoregulation),CPP、MAB与脑血流的关系(gun x),CPP:60130mmHg,概述(i sh),第四页,共32页。,继发性损伤(snshng)问题(Secondary brain damage),CBV,CPP,ICP,Hyp,er,tension,Brain edema,Edema and hematoma,Primary injury,CBF,Lower BP,CPP=MAP ICP,hematoma,Ischemia,概述(i sh),第五页,共32页。,继发性损伤(snshng)问题(Secondary brain damage),如何降低ICP的基础上,保持合适(hsh)的CCP和血压,以减少继发性损伤?,Hyp,er,tension,Lower BP,CPP=MAP ICP,CPP,Hypotension,概述(i sh),第六页,共32页。,ICP与TBI预后(yhu),Balestreri,etal.,Neurocrit.Care 2006;04:813,重症脑外伤,第七页,共32页。,CPP与TBI预后(yhu),Balestreri,etal.,Neurocrit.Care 2006;04:813,重症脑外伤,第八页,共32页。,恰当(qidng)的CPP,重症脑外伤,Steiner,etal.CCM.2002,第九页,共32页。,血压控制现在(xinzi)观点:,重症脑外伤,脑灌注压阈值:,CPP 60mmHg(2001-2005),Lund:50mmHg(2003),但避免(bmin):CPP50mmHg,维持 ICP 230 or DBP140,Or,MBP130,SBP200 or,MBP150,同,2007,考虑,SBP180-130 or DBP105-140,SBP180-200 or MBP130 with ICP,同,2007,谨慎或不推荐,SBP180 or DBP 105,SBP 180 or MBP130 without ICP,同,2007,目标压力,SBP 180 or DBP 105,And MBP130,CCP70,BP,:,160/90,and MBP:110,CCP,:,6080,BP,:,160/90 and MBP:110,CCP,:,6070,但强化,SBP 140,视乎也是安全的!,Stroke.,1999;30:905-915,,,Stroke.,2007;38:2001-2023,,,Stroke.,2010;41:2108-2129,脑出血,第十二页,共32页。,脑出血,结论:ICH患者快速降低MBP显著增加死亡率。,提出MBP在150mmHg以下,并非必须积极(jj)降压.,105例ICH患者24小时降压回顾性风险分析:(平均(pngjn)MBP:140mmHg),死亡组:MAP降幅 64.8/2.7mmHg;生存组:MAP降幅28.8/1.2 mm Hg。,Qureshi AI,etal.,Rate of 24-hour blood pressure decline and mortality after,spontaneous,intracerebral hemorrhage:a retrospective analysis with a random effects,regression model.,Crit Care Med,.1999;27:480,平均(pngjn)动脉压的演变,第十三页,共32页。,SBP和DBP的演变(ynbin),Qureshi AI,etal.A prospective multicenter study to evaluate the feasibility and safety of aggressive antihypertensive treatment in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage.,J Intensive Care Med,.2005;20:3442,.,target,:,160/90,mm Hg,24小时内使维持(wich)BP在160/90mmHg,可减少7%的继发出血量和9%的脑水肿。,该研究奠定了目标血压控制在160/90mmHg.,脑出血,第十四页,共32页。,强化控压对ICH的预后(yhu)评估,脑出血,2008Craig等发表强化(qinghu)降压治疗(即在发作6小时内控制SBP 140 mmHg)安全研究。,目的:评估(pn)ICH患者早期6h不同降压水平对出血量和预后的影响:,分组:强化组(n=203):目标SBP 140 mmHg,指南组(n=201):目标SBP 180 mmHg),第十五页,共32页。,强化控压对ICH的预后(yhu)评估,结论(jiln):早期强化降压视乎是安全可行的,但对预后无影响,Anderson CS,etal.the INTERACT investigators.Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction,In,Acute Cerebral Haemorrhage Trial(INTERACT):a randomised pilottrial.,Lancet Neurol.,2008;7:391,脑出血,第十六页,共32页。,不同降压水平(shupng)ICH的定量影响,再评价出血和水肿,强化(qinghu)组(n=151),指南组(n=145),早期强化降压能够减少24h和72h(P=0.02)的出血量,但对血肿周围(zhuwi)水肿均无影响。,Craig S.etal.Effects of Early Intensive Blood Pressure-Lowering Treatment on the Growth of Hematoma and Perihematomal Edema in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage The Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Haemorrhage Trial(INTERACT).,Stroke.,2010;41:307-312,脑出血,第十七页,共32页。,分层降压(jin y)对ICH预后的影响:,Antihypertensive treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage.Crit Care Med 2010:38(2);637,脑出血,第十八页,共32页。,分层降压(jin y)对ICH预后的影响:,结论:分层控制SBP在神经损害(snhi)和严重事件方面较预期(140mmHg))的损害(snhi)要低,三个月死亡率也比预期的低。,Antihypertensive treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage.Crit Care Med 2010:38(2);637,脑出血,第十九页,共32页。,最新研究(ynji)报告,Stroke.,Yuki Sakamoto,etal.,Systolic Blood Pressure After Intravenous Antihypertensive Treatment and Clinical Outcomes in Hyperacute Intracerebral Hemorrhage.,Stroke.2013;44:1846-1851,脑出血,第二十页,共32页。,缺血性脑中风血压(xuy)与预后,Neurocrit.,最新研究(ynji)报告,Brain edema,对缺血性中风应谨慎降压,推 荐当 血压高于220/120mmHg时考虑降压,目标血压140-180/90-100mmHg。,第二十三页,共32页。,原发性蛛网膜下腔出血:积极降压,,需要溶栓的患者(hunzh)目标血压应控制在185/100mmHg以下,指南组(n=201):目标SBP 180 mmHg),SBP180 or DBP 105,Leonardi,etal.,强化控压对ICH的预后(yhu)评估,Stroke 2002;33(5):1315,颅内高压患者血压(xuy)多少合适,J Intensive Care Med.,2005;20:3442.,血压控制现在(xinzi)观点:,近年的研究提示强化血压控制能够减少脑继发出血,但不能减少或加重脑水肿,因此2010AHA/ASA指南(zhnn)仍沿用2007年控压意见!既目标血压160/90mmHg.,脑出血,第二十一页,共32页。,缺血性中风(zhng fng)的血压控制,脑梗塞,第二十二页,共32页。,缺血性脑中风血压(xuy)与预后,Leonardi,etal.Blood pressure and clinical outcomes in the international stroke trial.Stroke 2002;33(5):1315,脑梗塞,第二十三页,共32页。,缺血性脑中风血压(xuy)与预后,早期(zoq)脑水肿程度,残疾(cn j)程度,Castillo,etal.,Blood Pressure Decrease During the Acute Phase of Ischemic Stroke Is Associated With,Brain Injury and Poor Stroke Outcome,.,Stroke.,2004;35:520-526,脑梗塞,第二十四页,共32页。,缺血性脑中风血压(xuy)与预后,Castillo,etal.,Blood Pressure Decrease During the Acute Phase of Ischemic Stroke Is Associated With,Brain Injury and Poor Stroke Outcome,.,Stroke.,2004;35:520-526,死亡率,脑容积率,脑梗塞,第二十五页,共32页。,缺血性脑中风血压(xuy)与预后,CPP与TBI预后:,许多研究(ynji)证明在脑缺血性中风患者,急性期血压水平与预后呈U型相关性。,George,etal.Blood pressure treatment in acute ischemic stroke:a review of studies and recommendations.Current Opinion in Neurology 2010,23:4652,脑梗塞,第二十六页,共32页。,血压控制(kngzh)现在观点:,George,etal.Blood pressure treatment in acute ischemic stroke:a review of studi
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