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1,中考英语语法,第一讲 句子结构,2,句子,句子,成分,句子,结构,句子,种类,3,句子成分,主语,:,行为主体，句子描述的主体,谓语,:,主语发出的动作,宾语,:,动作的承受者,定语,:,用来修饰名词、代词,状语,:,时间、地点、原因等,表语,:,表示主语“是什么”“怎么样”,4,句子成分,主语：,You,beat him.,谓语,:You,beat,him.,宾语,:You beat,him,.,定语,:You beat the,bad,boy.,状语,:You beat him,at home,.,表语,:He is,bad,./He is,a boy,.,5,主语：一个句子所叙述的主体。,句子中的第一个,名词或代词,.,6,句子结构,主,+,系,+,表,主,+,不及物动词,主,+,及物动词,+,宾语,+,宾补,主,+,及物动词,+,间宾,+,直宾,主,+,及物动词,+,宾语,主,+,谓,+,宾,7,8,句子种类,按句子的,用途,分,按句子的,结构,分,陈述句,疑问句,祈使句,简单句,并列句,复合句,感叹句,9,1,）,简单句,：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。,e.g.,He,often,reads,English in the morning.,Tom and Mike,are American boys.,She,likes drawing,and often,draws,pictures for the wall newspapers.,10,我们可以给句子的,动词加上副词,修饰，给,名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰,，给句子加上,状语,进行修饰等，以使整个句子的意思变得更加的丰富和充实。但不管如何变，都只有一个主谓结构。,He worked,hard all his life,.(,划线部分在句中作状语，修饰动词,worked),He is a school student,in No.1 Middle School,.(,划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名词,student),11,2),并列句：,句型：,简单句,+,并列连词,+,简单句,并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，,相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系,。它们之间用连词连结。,e.g.You help him,and,he helps you.,The future is bright,;,the road is tortuous.,12,并列句的分类,1,、表示连接,两个同等概念,，常用,and,not onlybut also,neithernor,then,等连接。,e.g.The teachers name is Smith,and,the students name is John.,2,、表示,选择,，常用的连词有,or,eitheror,otherwise,等。,e.g.Hurry up,or,youll miss the train.,13,3,、表示,转折,，常用的连词有,but,still,yet,while,when,等。,e.g.He was a little man with thick glasses,but,he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.,4,、表示,因果,关系，常用的连词有,so,for,等。,e.g.August is the time of the year for rive harvest,so every day I work from dawn until dark.,14,3,）复合句：,含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。,从句包括,名词性从句,（主语从句、宾语从 句、表语从句和同位语从句）,定语从句和状语从句,等。,句型,主句,+,连词,+,从句；或连词,+,从句,+,主句,e.g.The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.,15,复合句就是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子。这种结构中，必定有一个主谓结构是句子的主句部分，而另一个主谓结构则是句子的次要部分，即从句部分。,As is known to all,China is getting more and more powerful.(As,引导一个定语从句,),Where there is a will,there is a way.(Where,引导一个表地点的状语从句,),16,Exercises,判断句型,1.Having finished his homework,the boy went on to help his mother.,2.What he says doesnt suit what he does.,(,简单句,划线部分在句中作状语，修饰整个句子,),(,复合句,包含两个名词性从句：,What he says,是一个主语从句；,what he does,是一个宾语从句,),17,3.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.,4.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.,5.There is a chair in this room,isnt there?,简单句,复合句,简单句,18,6.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.,7.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.,8.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.,并列句,复合句,简单句,19,9.Neither has he changed his mind,nor will he do so.,10.What he said at the meeting is very important,isnt it?,11.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.,12.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.,并列句,复合句,简单句,简单句,Subject,主语,S,主语句子中表明,动作执行者,或,谓语描述对象,的名词、名词短语或代词,句子成分,Predicate,谓语,V,谓语,修饰主语,。包括动词、宾语或动词所支配的短语。,如,Jane,opened the door.,或,The child,is very sleepy.,句子成分,Object,宾语,O,-Predicative,表语,P,宾语一个句子中,接受动词的动作,或,受动词影响,的名词或名词性词组,系动词 表语（名词,/,形容词）,及物动词 宾语（名词）,句子成分,Attribute,定语,Attrib.,定语指一个词或短语,(,多为形容词或名词词组,),，在句法上从属于它所修饰的词或短语,如：,my sisters,brown,dog,Adverbial,状语,adv.,句子成分,Complement,补语,C,补语跟在一个动词后的一个或几个单词共同组成的谓语结构,(,多为不定式或介词短语,),如：,We like,to eat ice cream,.,句子成分,Appositive,同位语,同位语重复指代并进一步说明名词及名词性词语。由名词、名词性词语、从句等充当，放在被修饰词后。,如：,They,all,work hard.,John,a friend of hers,has gone.,句子成分,(Members of Sentence),句子基本结构,(5,种,),1),主语,+,谓语,(,S+V,),Day dawns.,天亮了,.,句子,(Sentence),句子基本结构,(5,种,),2),主语,+,连系动词,+,表语,(,S+L+P,),He is a professor.,他是一位教授,.,句子,(Sentence),句子基本结构,(5,种,),3),主语,+,谓语,+,宾语,(,S+V+O,),She understands French.,她懂法语,.,句子,(Sentence),句子基本结构,(5,种,),4),主语,+,谓语,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,(,S+V+IO+DO,),He told us the whole story.,他把全部经过告诉了我们,.,句子,(Sentence),句子基本结构,(5,种,),5),主语,+,谓语,+,宾语,+,宾语补语,(,S+V+O+C,),He found George intelligent.,他发现乔治很聪明,.,句子,(Sentence),31,祝同学们学习进步,!,
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