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Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Macro Implications of Micro-Participation:,Participatory Management of Electricity Distribution in Eastern India,Ashwini K Swain,IPPG PhD Workshop,3 March 2021,Research Context,The Problem:,After six decades of public electrification,half of the population in India lives in dark.,The problem is growing worse as current rate of electrification has failed to keep pace with population growth.,Non-uniform and inefficient service delivery,Source:,Centralised planning,resource allocation and implementation,Long route of accountability,Proposed Solution:,by putting poor people at the centre of service provision:by enabling them to monitor and discipline service providers,by amplifying their voice in policy making,and by strengthening the incentives for providers to serve the poor.,(World Bank 2003:1),decentralisation and users participation through building micro-institutions,Research Questions,Can decentralisation and users participation ensure efficient and effective electricity service delivery in rural India?,Does participation in the micro-institutions has any democratic outcome?,Does the context,under which participation takes place,affect the outcomes?,Hypotheses,Decentralisation and users participation in electricity delivery will contribute to improvement in efficiency and effectiveness of the service delivery.,Participation in the micro-institutions will enhance political efficacy of the participants and foster the civic values they hold.,The process of users participation and its outcomes will be affected by the context under which participation takes place.,Methodology:,Case study approach,Methods of data collection,Semi-structured interviews,Observations,Analysis of documents,Interpretative and qualitative analysis,Case Studies,Micro-Privatisation of Electricity Distribution in Orissa:,First step,Village Electricity Committees were established to ensure participation of users,Second step,putting a micro-entrepreneur(franchisee)between the users committees and the service provider,Two patterns found:one,users committee and franchisee established(micro-privatisation);second,users committee established,but served by the utility(users participation),Electricity Cooperative in Sundarbans,West Bengal:,Each plant has a Beneficiary Committee including all the users served by the plant,Beneficiary committees and the local government(,Panchayat Samiti,)constitute the cooperative,WBREDA remains the guiding body,Inefficiencies in Electricity Delivery,Rampant Electricity Theft,(Hooking,Meter tampering,Billing irregularities),Lack of End-Use Efficiency,(No use of energy efficient products,Lack of load management),Low Revenue Realisation,(Lack of willingness to pay,Irregular collection,Low collection efficiency),High Technical Loss,(Poor maintenance,Lack of manpower,Lack of funds),Poor Quality of Supply,(Load shedding,Breakdown,Low Voltage),Sources,Orissa(Micro-Privatisation),Franchisee&Users Committee,Orissa(Users Participation),Users Committee,Sundarbans(Cooperative),Cooperative&Beneficiary Committee,1,Hooking,Meter,tampering,Billing irregularities,Completely stopped,Few,cases,Completely checked,Completely stopped,Few,cases,Completely,checked,Did not exist,Not Applicable,Did not exist,2,No use of energy efficient,products,No load management,Use of CFL in around 50%,households,Yes,during evening,Use of CFL in around 50%,households,Yes,during evening,Use of CFL,(80%)and other energy efficient products,Not,applicable,3,Lack of willingness to,pay,Irregular,collection,Low collection efficiency,Increased,willingness,Monthly,collection,95%collection efficiency,Increased,willingness,Bi-monthly collectio,88%collection efficiency,The problem did not exist,Monthly collection,98%collection efficiency,4,Lack of proper,maintenance,Lack of,manpower,Lack of funds for maintenance,Regular,maintenance,Private electricians hired,Users partly fund maintenance,Occasional maintenance,Private,electricians hired,Users partly fund maintenance,Regular maintenance,Does not exist,Does not exist,5,Load,shedding,Breakdowns,Low voltage,No load shedding,Ten,cases/month,Does,not exist,No load shedding,25 cases/month,Does,not exist,Not applicable,Not,applicable,Did,not exist,Ineffectiveness in Electricity Delivery,Poor Quality of Service:,Less access to service provider,High level of corruption,Low responsiveness of service provider,2.Low Access:,High initial cost,High cost of service(monthly bill),Cumbersome procedure of application for connection,Sources,Orissa(Micro-Privatisation),Franchisee&Users Committee,Orissa(Users Participation),Users Committee,Sundarbans(Cooperative),Cooperative&Beneficiary Committee,1,Low access to provider,High corruption,Low responsiveness of provider,Franchisee is more accessible,Corruption
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