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Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Private Homeowner Drinking Water Issues,Presenter,Mr.Brian Oram,Professional Geologist,Wilkes UniversityGeoEnvironmental Sciences and Engineering DepartmentCenter for Environmental Quality,Wilkes Barre,PA 18766,(570)408-4619,Water Treatment,disinfection,cation exchange,anion exchange,filtration,adsorption,demineralization,pH adjustment,oxidation,Match the pollutant with the correct process!,Do We Need to Treat the Water?,Evaluate Existing Source-Construction,Location,and Water Quality,Is Maintenance Needed?,Identify and Repair System Deficiencies,Pollution Control Measures-well cap,control drainage,and change land-us practice,Treatment-POU,POE,or other,The Last Control Measure is Treatment,Evaluate Well Change Well Cap,DisinfectionShock Chlorination,May work for small numbers of coliform bacteria.,Should be conducted after all well repairs,flooding,or problems with elevated bacterial counts.After shockdisinfection retesting for total coliform,standard plate count,and nuisance bacteria may be need.,Iron/Nuisance Bacteria,Periodic shock well disinfections,Drop tablets chlorinators,Chlorine feed system,Ozone treatment,UV treatment,may be possibleprobably Class A Unit(turbidity,hardness,iron,manganese issues),Whole House Treatment,Point of Entry(POE),continuous,chlorination,Issues:,Chlorine Demand,Bacterial Levels,Other Water Quality problems like:iron,sulfur,and odors,Alkalinity and pH of water may need adjustment,U-V Tube,U-V Sterilizer,The Selection of UV,Unit system depends on the,following:,General Water Quality,Turbidity,Hardness,Iron and Manganese,Bacterial Levels,Source Water Type and Overall,Water Quality?,Http:/,Ozone,Schematic of Softener,Water Softener,Do Not Remove All the Water Hardness!,RESIN,(Sodium,Or,Potassium),Raw Water,(Sodium or Potassium),Calcium&,Magnesium,And other,Multivalent,cations,Treated Water,Ion Exchange:Sodium for Calcium&Magnesium,Recharge with Brine,RESIN,(,Calcium,&,Magnesium,),Waste,Water,(Sodium or Potassium),Calcium&Magnesium and other multivalent cations,Brine,Carbon Filtration,Uses,Remove man-made organic chemicals,Remove miscellaneous tastes and odor from water,assuming no bacterial problems,Remove radon gas from water,Maintenance,Carbon must be replaced,routinely,Acid(Corrosive Water)Control,Water,Limestone chips,or calcite,Gravel,Iron Removal,Form and concentration is important,Oxidized=visible,orange stain,Reduced=colorless,Removal Methods,Water Softener,no bacterial problem,Chlorination/Filtration,Oxidizing Filter,no bacterial problem,Ozone,Hydrogen Sulfide,Hot water only?,Adjust water heater to a temperature of 160F for 12 to 24 hours and then flush,remove or replace rod in heater(Warranty Issues),Carbon Filtration-,no bacterial problem,Chlorination/Contact Tank/Filtration,Aeration-,no bacterial problem,Oxidizing filter-,manganese greensand,no bacterial problem,At the Sink,Point of Use(POU),Reverse Osmosis,force water through membrane,removes many contaminants,Distillation,heat water to boiling,condense vapor,ions left behind,energy intensive,Heat Source,Cooling Water,Raw,Water,Treated,Water,Steam,Typically these are small carbon-block filters that will remove particles,reduce odors and taste problems,and have a limited exchange capacity for hardness and trace metals.,Units are rated for Water that meets Drinking Water StandardsNot for Water with Levels above the Drinking Water Standard,Before You Buy Treatment EquipmentGet the Facts-Not the Sales Pitch,Have your water tested by a reputable accredited,approved,and/or certified lab,Dont rely on in-home water test results.,Dont rely on free water tests.,Consult unbiased water quality experts and get multiple quotes for a system.,Explore All Alternatives,Well Rehabilitation,New source,Local Pollution Control,Maintenance,Tips for Buying Treatment Equipment,Seek reputable companies that have been around,Ask for customer references,Research company history,Beware of hard sale techniques(scare tactics),Ask about maintenance requirements,Get a detailed warranty,Look for NSF and WQA certifications,EPA certification means nothing,Get everything in writing!,If it sounds too good-it is!,Sample No.1,Test,Result,Maximum Contaminant,Level (MCL),Coliform bacteria,2 /100 mL,1 /100 mL,Nitrate-N,1 mg/L,10 mg/L,pH,6.7,6.5 to 8.5*,Hardness,100 mg/L,6 gpg,No MCL,(7-10 gpg is very hard),Iron,0 mg/L,0.3 mg/L*,gpg=grains per gallon(1 gpg=17.1 mg/L),*=Recommended standard(RMCL),Recommendation?,Shock chlorination and retesting,possible continuous,disinfection,Sample No.2,Test,Result,Maximum Contaminant,Level (MCL),Coliform bacteria,150 /100 mL,1 /100 mL,Nitrate-N,1 mg/L,10 mg/L,pH,6.7,6.5 to 8.5*,Hardness,100 mg/L,6 gpg,No MCL,(7-10 gpg is very hard),Iron,0 mg/L,0.3 mg/L*,gpg=grains per gallon(1 gpg=17.1 mg/L),*=Recommended standard(RMCL),Recommendation?,Short-Term:Shock Treatment and Retesting,Long-Term:Possibly Chlorination or
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