多发性硬化介绍

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,世界多发性硬化日,WORLD MS DAY,What Is Multiple Sclerosis(MS)?,MS is a chronic disease that damages the nerves in thespinal cord and brain,as well as the optic nerves.Sclerosis means scarring,and people with MS develop multiple areas of scar tissue in response to thenerve damage.Depending on where the damage occurs,symptoms may includeproblems with muscle control,balance,vision,or speech.,1,、什么是多发性硬化？,多发性硬化症是个慢性疾病，主要损害脊髓、大脑以及视神经。,“,硬化,”,的意思是结疤，,“,多发,”,是指神经系统的多个部位受到累及，会因神经损伤导致疤痕形成。根据损害发生的位置不同，多发性硬化的症状可能包括肌肉控制或平衡感的下降、视觉障碍或言语问题。,MS Symptoms:Weakness or Numbness,Nerve damage can cause:,1 Weakness in an arm or leg,2 Numbness,3 Loss of balance,4 Muscle spasms,These symptoms may lead to frequent tripping ordifficulty walking.,2,、多发性硬化的症状：无力或麻木,神经损伤会导致：,1,手臂或腿脚的无力,2,麻木,3,失去平衡,4,肌肉痉挛,这些症状会导致跌绊或行走困难。,MS Symptoms:Vision Problems,More than half of people with MS experience a visionproblem called optic neuritis.This inflammation of the optic nerve may causeblurred vision,loss of color vision,eye pain,or blindness,usually in oneeye.The problem is usually temporary and tends to improve within a few weeks.In many cases,vision problems are the first sign of MS.,3,、多发性硬化的症状：视力问题,超过半数的多发性硬化患者会有视力问题，称为视神经炎。发炎的视神经可能会导致视力模糊、色觉丧失、眼痛，甚至是失明，这通常只累及一只眼睛。视力问题通常是暂时的，往往在几周内恢复。在许多情况下，视力问题是多发性硬化的首发症状。,MSSymptoms:Speech Problems,Althoughless common than vision problems,some people with MS develop slurred speech.This happens when MS damages the nerves that carry speech signals from thebrain.Some people also have trouble swallowing.,4,、多发性硬化的症状：言语问题,虽然言语问题不如视力问题那么普遍，但一些多发性硬化的患者会有言语不清的问题。这是由于疾病损伤了将语言信号从大脑传出的神经。一些人也会有吞咽困难。,Other MS Symptoms,MS can take a toll on mental sharpness.Some peoplemay find it takes longer to solve problems.Others may have mild memory loss ortrouble concentrating.Most people with MS also experience some loss of bladdercontrol,because signals between the brain and bladder are interrupted.Finally,fatigue is a common problem.You may feel tired even after a good night,ssleep.,5,。多发性硬化的其他症状,多发性硬化会使人反应迟钝。一些患者发现他们想问题的时间会变长。另一些人会出现轻度的记忆丧失或注意力难以集中。多数多发性硬化的患者遇到的问题还包括膀胱失去控制，这是因为大脑和膀胱之间的信号通路中断。除此之外，疲劳也是一个普遍问题。即使饱睡一夜，患者也会感到疲倦。,Stroke vs.MS,Confusion,slurred speech,and muscle weakness can besymptoms of MS,but they can also be signs of a stroke.Anyone who suddenly hastrouble speaking or moving their limbs should be taken to the ER immediately.Treating a stroke within the first few hours provides the best odds of asuccessful recovery.,6,。中风与多发性硬化的区分,混乱，言语不清，肌肉无力，这些都是多发性硬化的症状，但这些在中风时也可能出现。如果突然出现了说话困难或肢体瘫痪，则需立即送去急诊。若在几小时内能够及时治疗，则会使中风恢复的机率大大增加。,How MS Attacks,In people with MS,the body,s own immune systemattacks the tissue surrounding the nerve fibers in the brain,spinal cord,andoptic nerves.This covering is made of a fatty substance called myelin.Itinsulates the nerves and helps them send electrical signals that controlmovement,speech,and other functions.When myelin is destroyed,scar tissueforms,and nerve messages are not transmitted properly.,7,。多发性硬化怎样破坏人体？,在多发性硬化的患者体内，自身的免疫系统攻击大脑、脊髓和视神经的髓鞘，髓鞘由一种脂类构成，它包绕在神经纤维外面，起到绝缘的作用，从而帮助神经发送电信号控制运动、语言等功能。当髓鞘被破坏后，就形成了疤痕瘢痕，导致神经信息不能正常传输。,What Causes MS?,The roots of MS remain mysterious,butdoctors see some surprising trends.Its most common in regions far from theequator,including Scandinavia and other parts of Northern Europe.These areasget less sunlight,so some researchers believe that vitamin D(the,“,sunshinevitamin,”,)may be involved.Research suggests a possible link between vitamin Ddeficiency and autoimmune disorders,but studies are ongoing.Genetics appearto play a role as well.,8,。导致多发性硬化的原因,多发性硬化的病因依然不为人所知，但医生们总结出一些惊人的规律。疾病在高纬度地区最常见，包括斯堪的纳维亚和北欧其他地区。这些地区接受的光照较少，因此一些研究人员认为，维生素,D,（,“,阳光维生素,“,）可能参与多发性硬化的发病过程。一些研究表明，维生素,D,缺乏与自身免疫性疾病可能有联系，但这些研究仍在进行中。基因似乎也在其中扮演着一定的角色。,Who Gets MS?,MS is at least twice as common in women asit is in men.While it can strike people of any race,whites appear to be mostat risk.The chances of developing the condition are highest between ages 20and 50.,9,。谁会得多发性硬化？,女性得多发性硬化的几率至少是男性的两倍。尽管各种族的人都可以得多发性硬化，但白人似乎是最容易得的。此病的发病年龄集中在,20,到,50,岁。,Diagnosing MS,Tests are often used,along with amedical history and neurological exam,to diagnose MS and rule out other causesof symptoms.More than 90%of people with MS have scar tissue that shows up onan MRI scan.A spinal tap can check for abnormalities in the fluid that bathesthe brain and spinal cord.Tests to look at electrical activity of nerves canalso help with diagnosis.Lab tests can help rule out other autoimmuneconditions or infections such as HIV or Lyme disease.,10,。多发性硬化的诊断,在诊断多发性硬化之前，通常需要做一些检查，包括病史采集、神经系统查体以及一些实验室和影像学的检查，用来诊断多发性硬化和排除其他疾病所导致的类似症状。超过,90,的人能在核磁共振扫描上看到被多发性硬化破坏的疤痕组织。脊椎穿刺检查可以在脑脊液（脑和脊髓浸于其中）发现异常。神经电活动的检查也可以帮助诊断。实验室检查能排除其他的自身免疫性疾病条件或一些感染性疾病，如艾滋病或莱姆病,。,How Does MS Progress?,MS follows a different pattern in every person,butmany people can manage their disease with treatment Doctors see fourforms:,Relapsing-remitting:Symptoms flare during acuteattacks,then improve nearly completely or remit.